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Английский - Полный аудиокурс. От фонетики до живой речи 2008.79.2


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Английский - От фонетики до живой речи. 1000 слов

Аудио 2 : http://mltr.ifolder.ru/5380716

Lesson 33

lazy - ленивый
lazily - лениво, по ленивому

 A grey eagle was circling lazily over a distant blue-hazed patch of forest.
Its mind was currently at ease. It would do nicely.
Серый орёл кружил лениво над далёким, в голубой дымке, пятном леса.
Его разум был расслаблен в текущий момент. Это то, что нужно (это сделает красивенько, хорошенько).

 

to serve - служить в доме (у кого-л.) , быть слугой ; состоять на государственной службе ;  служить в армии
serve up - "служить аб, служить об, обслуживать" - накрывать на стол, подавать (на стол); снабжать

I was ready. It was my dream, my greatest ambition, to serve him, to prove myself to him.
Я был готов. Это была моя мечта, моя величайшая цель - служить ему, доказать себя ему.


to settle - усаживать(ся); укладывать(ся); устраивать(ся)
поселить(ся), водворить(ся), обосноваться
to settle an account - оплачивать (счет) ; расплачиваться, рассчитываться

Somebody's still loose. I hope he hurries up an' catches her so we can settle down.
Кто-то по-прежнему отстаёт. Надеюсь, он поторопится, и догонит её, так что мы сможем успокоиться.


seven - семь, семёрка
to live - жить, проживать

There is a lodging in a cellar and this lodging consists of two damp rooms. In these rooms a workman and his family live - seven people in all.
В погребе жилище, и это жилище состоит из двух сырых комнат. В этих комнатах рабочий и его семья живут - всего семь человек.
 


a share - доля, часть; квота
to share - делить, распределять; разделять

She had never met a man like him,
a man who shared her interests,
who loved her for who she was.

Она никогда не встречала мужика как он,
мужик, который разделял её интересы,
кто любил её такой, как она есть.


sharp - острый ; пронизывающий, чёткий
sharp mind - острый ум
face - лицо, лицевая сторона

"Hello, Maria," he said. His sharp eyes searched her face,
he had last seen her at Gordon's funeral. "How is your family?"

"Перевед, Мария", он сказал. Его пронзительный взгляд осматривал её лицо,
он в последний раз видёл её на похоронах Гордона.
(тут нужно заметить, что это вампирический роман, что подразумевает, что совсем не факт, что Гордона хоронили)
"Как твоя семья?"


sheet  - простыня ; полотно, холст
sheet of paper - лист бумаги

Last night I lay in bed with my sheet up to my chin.
Прошлой ночью я лежала в кровати, простыня до подбородка.


shell - оболочка, корка ; раковина

Flo came in with Simon and they stood in front of Maria,
examining her big necklace of beads and shell fragments.

Фло пришёл с Симоном, и они стояли перед Марией,
изучая её большое ожерелье из шариков и раковинок.

nutshell - ореховая скорлупа

In a nutshell  - используется во фразах, выражающих краткость, сжатость, ограниченность

Java in a Nutshell - Жаба в скорлупе, Язык Джава по существу.

 

shine  - сияние
to shine  - светить, светиться; блестеть, сиять, сверкать

main - главный, основной
main menu - главное меню
main course - основное и/или второе блюдо
mainly - главным образом, преимущественно, в основном, большей частью

radio - радио

Most shine mainly in visible and infrared light;
others are also brilliant sources of X-rays or radio waves.

Большая часть светит главным образом в видимом и инфракрасном свете,
другие также яркий источник рентгена или радио-волн.

age  - возраст ; период, эпоха
Ice Age - ледниковый период
death - смерть
bright - яркий, ярко
bright-eyed - с горящими глазами
brilliantly - ярко; блестяще

Blue stars are hot, young and bright;
yellow stars, conventional and middle-aged;
red stars, often elderly and dying;
and small white or black stars are in the final throes of death.

 Голубые звёзды горячи, молоды и ярки,
жёлтые - обычные и среднего возраста,
красные - часто староватые и помирающие,
маленькие белые или чёрные звёзды в последних припадках смерти.

American English | Словарик здесь

There are few grammatical differences between British and American English

Особенности в фонетике и грамматике Американского Английского вызваны сильным влиянием на него Итальянского и Испанского.

В фонетике это заметно по таким словам как car, work, master, professor - -er -ar -or произносится с -r. Итальянская мафия, переселяясь в США, брала уроки Английского, чтобы походить на коренных американцев, но идея немецко-английского -or - Professor - не нашла среди них понимания.  В результате, в Американском Английском -er удлиняется до -err. За исключением этой особенности, слова в Американском Английском более короткие при написании: tortoise/turtle , более "фонетичны": Французское сочетания -ou- заменено на -o- labour/labor , и произносятся быстрее: man , twenty, dog, speed.

В грамматике это проявляется в повторном введении в Английский "аориста" - совершенного прошедшего, передаваемого единичным глаголом - эта форма в большом ходу не только в Русском, но и во многих европейских языках, за исключением стандартного Британского.

to visit - посещать
visited - посещал, посещённый
have visited - посетил, имею посещённым
Am En : visited - посетил

British American Комментарии
The Present Perfect is used for an action in the past with a result now: The Present Perfect or Past Simple can be used:  
I've lost my key. Have you seen it? I've lost my key. Have you seen it?
I lost my key. Did you see it?		 Br: Я имею потерявший / Am: Я потерял
Br: Имеешь ты увиденным / Am: Ты видел
Sally isn't here. She's gone out. Sally isn't here. She's gone out.
Sally isn't here. She went out.		 Br: Она является вышедшей / Am: Она вышла
     
The Present Perfect is used with just, already and yet: The Present Perfect or Past Simple can be used:  
I'm not hungry. I've just had lunch. I'm not hungry. I've just had lunch.
I'm not hungry. I just had lunch.		 Br: Я имею имел ланч / Am: Я имел ланч
- What time is Mark leaving?
- He has already left.		 - What time is Mark leaving?
- He has already left.
- He already left.		 Br: Он имеет ушедший / Am: Он ушёл
Have you finished your work yet? Have you finished your work yet?
Did you finish your work yet?		 Br: Имеешь ты завершенной / Am: Ты завершил

Grammar Reference. Unit 5

5.0 Introduction to future forms

There is no future tense in English as there is in many European languages. However, English has several forms that can refer to the future. Three of these are will, going to and Present Continuous.

I'll see you later. (will  form)
We're going to see a film tonight. Do you want to come? (going to form)
I'm seeing the doctor tomorrow morning. (Present Continuous)

The difference between them is not about near or distant future, or about certainty. The speaker chooses a future form depending on how the speaker see the future event. Is it a plan, a decision, an intention, an offer, a prediction, or an arrangement? This is the important question to ask when choosing a future form. There is more about this in Use below.

 

5.1 will / going to and the Present Continuous

Form

Positive and negative

I'll help you.
He'll paint the house.
You won't watch TV tonight.
They won't build the tower.

They're going to help you.
You're going to watch TV tonight.
You aren't going to the cinema tomorrow.

I'm not catching the 10 o'clock train.
She isn't catching the 5 o'clock train.
He's seeing  the dentist tomorrow evening.

Question

What time will you arrive?
What time are you going to be there?
What time are you meeting the manager?
 

Note: We avoid saying going to come or going to go.

We're coming tomorrow.
When are you going home?

Use

Plans, decisions, and intentions (will and going to)

will

Will is used as a modal auxiliary verb to express a decision, intention, or offer made at the moment of speaking. We saw this use in Unit 4. Remember that you can't use the Present Tense for this use.

I'll have the steak, please! NOT I have the steak.
I'll see you tomorrow. Bye! NOT I see you tomorrow.

Give me a call sometime. We'll go out for coffee.
'Jeff, there's someone at the door!' 'OK, I'll get it!'

going to

Going to is used to express a future plan, decision, or intention made before the moment of speaking.

When I grow up, I'm going to be a doctor.
Jane and Peter are going to get married after they graduate.
We're going to paint this room blue.

Facts and predictions (will and going to)

will

The most common use of will is an auxiliary verb to show future time. It expresses a future fact or prediction. It's called the pure future or the Future Simple.

We'll be away for two weeks.
These flowers won't grow under the tree. It's too dark.
Our love will last forever.
You'll be sick if you eat all those sweets!

Will for a prediction can be based more on an opinion than a fact.

I don't think Laura will do very well in her exams. She doesn't do any work.
I am convinced that inflation will fall to three percent next year.

going to

Going to can also express a prediction, especially when it's based on a present fact. There's evidence now that something is certain to happen.

She's going to have a baby. (We can see she's pregnant.)
Our team is going to win the match. (It's four-nil, and there are only five minutes left to play.)
It isn't going to rain today. (Look at that beautiful blue sky.)

Note: Sometimes there is no difference between will and going to.

This government will ruin the country with its stupid economic policies.
This government is going to ruin ...

Arrangements (Present Continuous)

The Present Continuous can be used to express a future arrangement between people. It usually refers to the near future.

We're going out with Jeremy tonight.
I'm having my hair cut tomorrow.
What are we having for lunch.

Think of the things you might put in your diary to remind you of what you are doing over the next few days and weeks. These are the kinds of events that are often expressed by the Present Continuous for the future. The verbs express some kind of activity or movement.

I'm meeting Peter tonight.
The Taylors are coming for dinner.
I'm seeing the doctor in the morning.

Remember that you can't use the present tense for this use.

We're going to a party on Saturday night.
NOT We go to party on Saturday night.

We're catching the 10 o'clock train.
NOT We catch the 10 o'clock train.

What are you doing this evening?
NOT What do you do this evening?

Sometimes there is no difference between  an agreed arrangement (Present Continuous) and an intention (going to).

We're going to get married in the spring.
We're getting married in the spring.
 

 

Grammar Reference. Unit 6

6.0 Introduction to like

Like can be a verb or a preposition.
Like as a verb can be followed by -ing or to, sometimes with a change in meaning.

I like going out at the weekend. (general enjoyment)
I like to sit in a hot bath and read. (habits and preferences)

Like as a verb has a person and the subject:

I like modern arts.
I don't like the way he looks at me.
Do you like fish?
Would you like a drink?

Like as a preposition has an object after it:

She's wearing a hat like mine.
He's nothing like his father.
That sounds like the postman.
You're behaving like children.
This new girlfriend of yours - what's she like?

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