Закрытое от нас сложившимся порядком вещей становится доступно порою через
непроизвольное воспоминание. Чьё? Не знаю. Книга на английском. Среди стольких
незнакомых выражений заскучаешь, как в плохо подобранном обществе. Но не из тех
ли она пяти хлебов, которыми можно накормить пять тысяч человек? Сколько нужно
усилий ума там, где правила владения буквальны. Лучше не трать времени, не
спрашивай, по ком звонит колокол, ибо всё в мире взаимосвязано, и наши судьбы
принадлежат не только нам. Начни читать.
For Whom The Bell Tolls
No man is an island,
Entire of itself.
Each is a piece of the continent,
A part of the main.
If a clod be washed away by the sea,
Europe is the less.
As well as if a promontory were.
As well as if a manner of thine own
Or of thine friend’s were.
Each man’s death diminishes me,
For I am involved in mankind.
Therefore, send not to know
For whom the bell tolls,
It tolls for thee.
John Donne (1572 - 1631)
toll:
I
1.
[təʋl] n
1. колокольный звон; благовест
2. погребальный звон
2.
[təʋl] v
1. 1) звонить (в колокол); медленно и
мерно ударять; благовестить
to toll a bell - звонить в колокол
2) собирать звоном колоколов
to toll the people to church - созывать
прихожан в церковь колокольным звоном
2. звонить по покойнику (тж.to toll smb.'s death)
to toll a funeral knell - издавать
погребальный звон
for whom the bell tolls - по ком звонит
колокол
3. отбивать часы
II
1.
[təʋl] n
1. 1) пошлина, сбор
toll through - транзитная пошлина /плата/
to pay toll - платить дорожную пошлину
to raise the tolls - повысить пошлины
2) дань
heavy toll - тяжёлая дань, большие жертвы [см.тж.3)]
road toll - жертвы дорожных происшествий
to take toll (of smth.) - наносить тяжёлый
урон (чему-л.)
rent takes a heavy toll of his income -
арендная плата съедает значительную часть его дохода
the private whisper campaign that he was a
bit wacky took its toll - пущенный влиятельными лицами слух о том, что он
немного не в себе, делал своё дело
3) воен.потери
heavy toll - большие потери [см.тж.2)]
2. (on) (дополнительная) плата за услуги (за
междугородный телефонный разговор и
т. п.)
3. право взимания пошлины
4. 1) ист.удержание части зерна за
помол
2) удержание части металла за переплавку
руды
5. плата за провоз груза; фрахт
2.
[təʋl] v
1. взимать в качестве пошлины
2. облагать пошлиной
II
[təʋl] v
1) диал., амер.привлекать, завлекать,
заманивать
2) амер.заманивать в ловушку (диких
зверей и т. п.)
IV
[təʋl] vюр.
1) лишать (какого-л. права)
to toll an entry - лишать права доступа
2) аннулировать
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Полный текст:
from
Devotions Upon Emergent Occasions
MEDITATION XVII.
NUNC LENTO SONITU DICUNT, MORIERIS.
Now this bell tolling softly for another,
says to me, Thou must die.
PERCHANCE he for whom this bell tolls may be so ill as that he knows not it
tolls for him. And perchance I may think myself so much better than I am,
as that they who are about me, and see my state, may have caused it to toll for
me, and I know not that. The church is catholic, universal, so are all
her actions; all that she does, belongs to all. When she baptizes a
child, that action concerns me; for that child is thereby connected to that
head which is my head too, and ingraffed into that body, whereof I am a member.
And when she buries a man, that action concerns me; all mankind is of one
author, and is one volume; when one man dies, one chapter is not torn out of
the book, but translated into a better language; and every chapter must be so
translated; God employs several translators; some pieces are translated by age,
some by sickness, some by war, some by justice; but God's hand is in every
translation, and his hand shall bind up all our scattered leaves again, for
that library where every book shall lie open to one another; as therefore the
bell that rings to a sermon, calls not upon the preacher only, but upon the
congregation to come; so this bell calls us all: but how much more me, who am
brought so near the door by this sickness.
There was a contention as far as a suit (in which, piety and dignity,
religion and estimation, were mingled) which of the religious orders should
ring to prayers first in the morning; and it was determined, that they should
ring first that rose earliest. If we understand aright the dignity of
this bell, that tolls for our evening prayer, we would be glad to make it ours,
by rising early, in that application, that it might be ours as well as his,
whose indeed it is. The bell doth toll for him, that thinks it doth; and though
it intermit again, yet from that minute, that that occasion wrought upon him,
he is united to God. Who casts not up his eye to the sun when it rises?
But who takes off his eye from a comet, when that breaks out? who bends
not his ear to any bell, which upon any occasion rings? But who can
remove it from that bell, which is passing a piece of himself out of this
world?
No man is an island, entire of itself; every man is a piece of the
continent, a part of the main; if a clod be washed away by the sea, Europe is
the less, as well as if a promontory were, as well as if a manor of thy
friend's or of thine own were; any man's death diminishes me, because I
am involved in mankind, and therefore never send to know for whom the bell
tolls; it tolls for thee.
Neither can we call this a begging of misery, or a borrowing of misery, as
though we were not miserable enough of ourselves, but must fetch in more from
the next house, in taking upon us the misery of our neighbors. Truly it
were an excusable covetousness if we did; for affliction is a treasure, and
scarce any man hath enough of it. No man hath afflicion enough, that is
not matured and ripened by it, and made fit for God by that affliction.
If a man carry treasure in bullion or in a wedge of gold, and have none
coined into current moneys, his treasure will not defray him as he travels.
Tribulation is treasure in the nature of it, but it is not current money
in the use of it, except we get nearer and nearer our home, heaven, by it.
Another may be sick too, and sick to death, and this affliction may lie
in his bowels, as gold in a mine, and be of no use to him; but this bell that
tells me of his affliction, digs out, and applies that gold to me: if by this
consideration of another's danger, I take mine own into contemplation, and so
secure myself, by making my recourse to my God, who is our only security.
