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02.12.2001
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Автор
Tarantul

Статистика

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Язык, истрия и культура зарубежных стран


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Новый вопрос:

30.11.2001 Музей изобразительных искусств Гугенхайма находится в Нью-Йорке, в нем хранятся современные скульптуры, размещенные в спиралевидной галерее. По проекту какого архитектора он был создан?

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29.11.2001 Когда отмечается национальный праздник Шотландии (День покровителя Шотландии) - St. Andrew's Day?

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Успехов!

THE HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE.

English is one of a family of language called Indo-European. This family includes most of the modern European languages and such important languages of antiquity as Latin, Greek and Sanskrit. The Indo-European family of language has several subfamilies. English belongs to the Germanic branch of the Indo-European family. Germanic languages include Dutch, English, German, the Scandinavian languages, and several extinct languages (Gothic and others).

The English language of today reflects many centuries of development. The ancient inhabitants of Great Britain were the Celts. Now only a few of their words remained in the language spoken by the English people. Then Great Britain occupied by the Romans. The Roman period of British history lasted 465 years. The Romans brought a few Roman words into the English language, for example, street, Lincoln, Doncaster and some other names.

Then the Saxons came settled down in the land, which they had conquered. These Germans were the founders of the English nation. Later other Germanic tribes came and settled on different parts of the coast. Among these tribes were the Angles. The general name, which Anglo-Saxons, gave to the country was England. They called their language English.

The Normans came to Great Britain in 1066 and the great battle between the English and the Normans began. Near the town of Hastings the Normans won the battle. After this battle, William, who was at the head of the Normans was called the Conqueror. He became the king of England. The Norman Conquest brought England under French rule. The English language, though it did not die, was for a time of only secondary importance. French became the language of the upper classes of England. The lower classes continued to speak English, but many French, words were borrowed into English.

Thus we can distinguish three major periods in the evolution of English. The first, called Old English, covers the period from the beginnings of the language to about 1100; the second, Middle English, from 1100 to 1500; and Modern English from 1500 to the present. Modern English has been a period of a wide borrowing. English still derives much of its learned vocabulary from Latin and Greek. It has also borrowed words from nearly all the language of Europe.

In the course of the last hundred years English has become a world language. In numbers of speakers, English is nowadays second only to Chinese. It is the official language of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, of United States of America, of Australia and New Zealand. It is used as one of the official languages in Canada, the Republic of South Africa and the Irish Republic. It is also spoken as a second language by many people in India, Pakistan and numerous countries in Africa. Besides, a lot of people all over the world study English as foreign language.

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