Изучаем английский язык, читая оригиналы.

Ernest Hemingway. The old man and the sea.

ISSUE 16

 

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Произведения данной рассылки адаптируются по методу чтения Ильи Франка следующим образом: текст разбит на отрывки, каждый из которых повторяется дважды: сначала идет английский текст с «подсказками» — с вкрапленным в него дословным русским переводом и лексико-грамматическим комментарием, а затем — тот же текст, но уже неадаптированный, без подсказок.

Начинающие осваивать английский язык могут при этом читать сначала отрывок текста с подсказками, а затем тот же отрывок — без подсказок. Совершенствующие свой английский могут поступать наоборот: читать текст без подсказок, по мере необходимости подглядывая в подсказки.

Запоминание слов и выражений происходит при этом за счет их повторяемости, без зубрежки. Кроме того, читатель привыкает к логике английского языка, начинает его «чувствовать».

Подробнее о методе чтения Ильи Франка вы сможете узнать на его сайте.

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Issue #16.

Imagine if each day a man must try to kill the moon (представь себе, если каждый день человек должен был бы пытаться убить луну; imagine - представлять себе, воображать), he thought. The moon runs away (луна убегает прочь). But imagine if a man each day should have to try to kill the sun (но представь себе, если бы человек каждый день должен был пытаться убить солнце)? We were born lucky (мы родились счастливыми = нам еще повезло), he thought.

Then he was sorry for the great fish (затем ему стало жалко большую рыбу) that had nothing to eat (которой нечего было есть) and his determination to kill him never relaxed in his sorrow for him (и его намерение убить ее никогда не уменьшало его сочувствия к ней; sorrow - горе, печаль; сожаление). How many people will he feed (скольких людей она накормит), he thought. But are they worthy to eat him (но достойны ли они ее есть)? No, of course not (нет, конечно же, нет). There is no one worthy of eating him (нет никого, кто был был достоин съесть ее) from the manner of his behaviour and his great dignity (судя по ее поведению и великому благородству; dignity - достоинство, гордость).

I do not understand these things (я не понимаю эти вещи), he thought. But it is good that we do not have to try to kill the sun (но это хорошо, что нам не нужно пытаться убить солнце) or the moon (или луну) or the stars (или звезды). It is enough to live on the sea (достаточно жить на море = морем) and kill our true brothers (и убивать наших истинных братьев).

imagine [i'mxGin], determination [ditWmi'neiSn], behaviour [bi'heivjq]

Imagine if each day a man must try to kill the moon, he thought. The moon runs away. But imagine if a man each day should have to try to kill the sun? We were born lucky, he thought.

Then he was sorry for the great fish that had nothing to eat and his determination to kill him never relaxed in his sorrow for him. How many people will he feed, he thought. But are they worthy to eat him? No, of course not. There is no one worthy of eating him from the manner of his behaviour and his great dignity.

I do not understand these things, he thought. But it is good that we do not have to try to kill the sun or the moon or the stars. It is enough to live on the sea and kill our true brothers.

Now, he thought, I must think about the drag (я должен думать о помехе /из весел/). It has its perils and its merits (в ней есть свои опасности и достоинства; peril - опасность; merit - заслуга, достоинство, добродетель). I may lose so much line that I will lose him (я могу потерять так много лесы, что упущу ее /рыбу/), if he makes his effort (если она сделает рывок: «попытку») and the drag made by the oars is in place (и обуза, созданная веслами будет на месте) and the boat loses all her lightness (и лодка потеряет всю свою легкость). Her lightness prolongs both our suffering (ее легкость продлевает страдания нам обоим) but it is my safety (но она /легкость/ - моя безопасность) since he has great speed that he has never yet employed (потому как у нее большая скорость, которую она еще ни разу не использовала; employ - применять, использовать). No matter what passes (как бы то ни было) I must gut the dolphin (я должен выпотрошить дельфина) so he does not spoil (чтобы он не испортился) and eat some of him to be strong (и съесть его, чтобы быть сильным).

Now I will rest an hour more (сейчас я отдохну еще час) and feel that he is solid and steady (и выясню, что рыба спокойна; feel - выяснять положение дел) before I move back to the stern to do the work (перед тем, как вернусь на корму, чтобы сделать работу) and make the decision (и принять решение). In the meantime I can see how he acts (а пока я посмотрю, как она себя ведет; in the meantime - тем временем) and if he shows any changes (и не покажет ли она изменений = не изменит ли свое поведение). The oars are a good trick (весла - хорошая выдумка); but it has reached the time to play for safety (но пришло время действовать наверняка: «играть для безопасности»). He is much fish still (она все еще рыба = она еще в полной силе) and I saw that the hook was in the corner of his mouth (и я видел, что крючок был в уголке ее пасти) and he has kept his mouth tight shut (и она держала пасть крепко закрытой). The punishment of the hook is nothing (кара = боль от крючка - ничто). The punishment of hunger (кара от голода), and that he is against something that he does not comprehend (и от того, что она /борется/ против чего-то, что она не понимает; comprehend - понимать, постигать), is everything (всё). Rest now, old man (теперь отдыхай, старик), and let him work until your next duty comes (пускай она трудится, пока не настанет твой черед).

peril [perl], employ [im'plOi], punishment [pAniSmqnt]

Now, he thought, I must think about the drag. It has its perils and its merits. I may lose so much line that I will lose him, if he makes his effort and the drag made by the oars is in place and the boat loses all her lightness. Her lightness prolongs both our suffering but it is my safety since he has great speed that he has never yet employed. No matter what passes I must gut the dolphin so he does not spoil and eat some of him to be strong.

Now I will rest an hour more and feel that he is solid and steady before I move back to the stern to do the work and make the decision. In the meantime I can see how he acts and if he shows any changes. The oars are a good trick; but it has reached the time to play for safety. He is much fish still and I saw that the hook was in the corner of his mouth and he has kept his mouth tight shut. The punishment of the hook is nothing. The punishment of hunger, and that he is against something that he does not comprehend, is everything. Rest now, old man, and let him work until your next duty comes.

He rested for what he believed to be two hours (он отдыхал, как ему казалось, около двух часов). The moon did not rise now until late (луна выходила теперь поздно: «луна не поднималась теперь, пока не становилось поздно») and he had no way of judging the time (и он не мог определить время). Nor was he really resting except comparatively. He was still bearing the pull of the fish across his shoulders (он все еще нес вес рыбы на своих плечах) but he placed his left hand on the gunwale of the bow (но он положил свою левую руку на планшир носа лодки) and confided more and more of the resistance to the fish to the skiff itself (и передавал все больше и больше сопротивления = веса рыбы самой лодке; confide - вверять, поручать).

How simple it would be if I could make the line fast (как было бы просто, если бы я смог закрепить бечеву), he thought. But with one small lurch he could break it (но одним небольшим рывком она смогла бы порвать ее). I must cushion the pull of the line with my body (я должен уменьшить давление бечевы на мое тело; cushion - смягчать, уменьшать) and at all times be ready to give line with both hands (и в любое время должен быть готов отпустить бечеву обеими руками; at all times - всегда).

"But you have not slept yet (но ты еще не спал), old man," he said aloud. "It is half a day and a night and now another day and you have not slept (полдня, ночь и теперь другой день, а ты не спал). You must devise a way so that you sleep a little (ты должен придумать способ как поспать немного; devise - разрабатывать, продумывать /планы, идеи/) if he is quiet and steady (если она /будет вести себя/ тихо и спокойно). If you do not sleep you might become unclear in the head (если ты не поспишь, ты можешь стать неясен в голове = в голове у тебя помутится)."

comparatively [kqm'pxrqtivli], confide [kqn'faid], devise [di'vaiz]

He rested for what he believed to be two hours. The moon did not rise now until late and he had no way of judging the time. Nor was he really resting except comparatively. He was still bearing the pull of the fish across his shoulders but he placed his left hand on the gunwale of the bow and confided more and more of the resistance to the fish to the skiff itself.

How simple it would be if I could make the line fast, he thought. But with one small lurch he could break it. I must cushion the pull of the line with my body and at all times be ready to give line with both hands.

"But you have not slept yet, old man," he said aloud. "It is half a day and a night and now another day and you have not slept. You must devise a way so that you sleep a little if he is quiet and steady. If you do not sleep you might become unclear in the head."

I'm clear enough in the head (я достаточно ясно мыслю), he thought. Too clear (слишком ясно). I am as clear as the stars that are my brothers (я также ясен, как и звезды - мои братья). Still I must sleep (но я все равно должен поспать; still - все же, тем не менее). They sleep (они /звезды/ спят) and the moon and the sun sleep (и луна и солнце спят) and even the ocean sleeps sometimes on certain days (и даже океан спит иногда в определенные дни) when there is no current and a flat calm (когда нет течения, и гладь воды спокойна; flat - плоскость; отмель).

But remember to sleep (но помни, что нужно поспать), he thought. Make yourself do it (заставь себя сделать это) and devise some simple and sure way about the lines (и придумай какой-нибудь простой и верный способ, что делать с бечевой: «о бечеве»). Now go back and prepare the dolphin (теперь иди назад = иди на корму и приготовь дельфина). It is too dangerous to rig the oars as a drag (слишком опасно крепить весла в качестве обузы; rig - крепить, устанавливать) if you must sleep (если ты должен спать).

I could go without sleeping (я могу продолжать без сна), he told himself. But it would be too dangerous (но это было бы слишком опасно).

certain [sWtqn], calm [kRm], prepare [pri'pFq]

I'm clear enough in the head, he thought. Too clear. I am as clear as the stars that are my brothers. Still I must sleep. They sleep and the moon and the sun sleep and even the ocean sleeps sometimes on certain days when there is no current and a flat calm.

But remember to sleep, he thought. Make yourself do it and devise some simple and sure way about the lines. Now go back and prepare the dolphin. It is too dangerous to rig the oars as a drag if you must sleep.

I could go without sleeping, he told himself. But it would be too dangerous.

He started to work his way back to the stern on his hands and knees (он начал свой путь к корме на руках и коленях = на четвереньках), being careful not to jerk against the fish (делая это осторожно, чтобы не дернуть рыбу). He may be half asleep himself (она, может быть, тоже дремлет), he thought. But I do not want him to rest (но я не хочу, чтобы она отдыхала). He must pull until he dies (она должна тянуть, пока не умрет).

Back in the stern (добравшись до кормы) he turned so that his left hand held the strain of the line across his shoulders (он повернулся так, что его левая рука приняла натяжение бечевы, перекинутой через плечи) and drew his knife from its sheath with his right hand (и вытащил из ножен нож правой рукой). The stars were bright now (звезды светили ярко теперь) and he saw the dolphin clearly (и он видел дельфина отчетливо) and he pushed the blade of his knife into his head (и он воткнул лезвие ножа в его голову) and drew him out from under the stern (и вытащил ее из под /настила/ кормы). He put one of his feet on the fish (он поставил одну из своих ног на рыбу) and slit him quickly (и разрезал ее быстро) from the vent up to the tip of his lower jaw (от хвоста до кончика ее нижней челюсти; vent - анальное отверстие у птиц и рыб). Then he put his knife down (затем он убрал нож; put down - откладывать, прерывать работу) and gutted him with his right hand (и выпотрошил ее правой рукой), scooping him clean (вычерпав /внутренности/ начисто; scoop - черпать, вычерпывать) and pulling the gills clear (и выдернув жабры).

vent [vent], scoop [skHp]

He started to work his way back to the stern on his hands and knees, being careful not to jerk against the fish. He may be half asleep himself, he thought. But I do not want him to rest. He must pull until he dies.

Back in the stern he turned so that his left hand held the strain of the line across his shoulders and drew his knife from its sheath with his right hand. The stars were bright now and he saw the dolphin clearly and he pushed the blade of his knife into his head and drew him out from under the stern. He put one of his feet on the fish and slit him quickly from the vent up to the tip of his lower jaw. Then he put his knife down and gutted him with his right hand, scooping him clean and pulling the gills clear.

He felt the maw heavy and slippery in his hands (желудок был тяжелым и скользким в его руках) and he slit it open (и он разрезал его). There were two flying fish inside (внутри были две летучих рыбы). They were fresh and hard (они были свежие и твердые) and he laid them side by side (и он выложил их бок о бок; side by side - бок о бок, рядом) and dropped the guts and the gills over the stern (и выбросил кишки и жабры за борт). They sank leaving a trail of phosphorescence in the water (они пошли ко дну, оставляя след свечения = светящийся след в воде). The dolphin was cold and a leprous gray-white now in the starlight (дельфин был холодным и чешуйчатым грязно-белым в свете звезд; leprous - чешуйчатый) and the old man skinned one side of him (и старик содрал кожу с одного его бока) while he held his right foot on the fish's head (держа правую ногу на рыбьей голове). Then he turned him over (затем он перевернул его) and skinned the other side (и содрал кожу с другого бока) and cut each side off from the head down to the tail (и срезал /мясо/ с каждой стороны от головы до хвоста).

He slid the carcass overboard (он выбросил скелет за борт; slide - скользить; делать что-л. незаметно) and looked to see if there was any swirl in the water (и посморел, нет ли каких-нибудь кругов на воде: «водоворотов»). But there was only the light of its slow descent (но был только свет его медленного погружения; descent - снижение). He turned then (тогда он повернулся) and placed the two flying fish inside the two fillets of fish (и положил две летучие рыбы в филе дельфина; fillet - филе) and putting his knife back in its sheath (убрав свой нож назад в ножны), he worked his way slowly back to the bow (он медленно вернулся на нос лодки). His back was bent with the weight of the line across it (его спина была согнута под тяжестью бечевы на ней) and he carried the fish in his right hand (и он нес рыбу в правой руке).

maw [mL], leprous [leprqs], descent [di'sent], fillet [filit]

He felt the maw heavy and slippery in his hands and he slit it open. There were two flying fish inside. They were fresh and hard and he laid them side by side and dropped the guts and the gills over the stern. They sank leaving a trail of phosphorescence in the water. The dolphin was cold and a leprous gray-white now in the starlight and the old man skinned one side of him while he held his right foot on the fish's head. Then he turned him over and skinned the other side and cut each side off from the head down to the tail.

He slid the carcass overboard and looked to see if there was any swirl in the water. But there was only the light of its slow descent. He turned then and placed the two flying fish inside the two fillets of fish and putting his knife back in its sheath, he worked his way slowly back to the bow. His back was bent with the weight of the line across it and he carried the fish in his right hand.

Back in the bow (вернувшись на нос) he laid the two fillets of fish out on the wood (он выложил два филе рыбы на доски) with the flying fish beside them (с летучими рыбами рядом с ними). After that he settled the line across his shoulders in a new place (после этого он переместил бечеву на его плечах в новое место) and held it again with his left hand (и снова держал ее левой рукой) resting on the gunwale (отдыхая на планшире). Then he leaned over the side and washed the flying fish in the water (затем он перегнулся через борт и вымыл летучую рыбу в воде), noting the speed of the water against his hand (обращая внимание на скорость воды у него под рукой). His hand was phosphorescent from skinning the fish (его рука светилась от того, что он ею сдирал кожу рыбе) and he watched the flow of the water against it (и он наблюдал, как вода обмывает ее; flow - стуиться, течь). The flow was less strong (поток был слабее: «менее сильный») and as he rubbed the side of his hand against the planking of the skiff (потерев ребро руки об обшивку лодки; planking - обшивка корабля), particles of phosphorus floated off and drifted slowly astern (частички фосфора отплыли и дрейфовали неторопливо позади лодки; astern - за кормой, позади корабля).

"He is tiring or he is resting (она устает или отдыхает)," the old man said. "Now let me get through the eating of this dolphin (теперь съесть дельфина) and get some rest and a little sleep (отдохнуть и немного поспать)."

Under the stars and with the night colder all the time (под звездами и становящейся все холоднее ночью) he ate half of one of the dolphin fillets (он съел половину одного филе дельфина) and one of the flying fish (и одну летучую рыбу), gutted and with its head cut off (выпотрошенную и с отрубленной головой).

particle [pRtikl], phosphorus [fOsfqrqs], astern [qs'tWn]

Back in the bow he laid the two fillets of fish out on the wood with the flying fish beside them. After that he settled the line across his shoulders in a new place and held it again with his left hand resting on the gunwale. Then he leaned over the side and washed the flying fish in the water, noting the speed of the water against his hand. His hand was phosphorescent from skinning the fish and he watched the flow of the water against it. The flow was less strong and as he rubbed the side of his hand against the planking of the skiff, particles of phosphorus floated off and drifted slowly astern.

"He is tiring or he is resting," the old man said. "Now let me get through the eating of this dolphin and get some rest and a little sleep."

Under the stars and with the night colder all the time he ate half of one of the dolphin fillets and one of the flying fish, gutted and with its head cut off.

"What an excellent fish dolphin is to eat cooked (какая замечательная рыба дельфин, когда его ешь приготовленным)," he said. "And what a miserable fish raw (и какая она противная, когда сырая; miserable - плохой, убогий). I will never go in a boat again without salt or limes (я никогда больше не выйду в море без соли или лимона)."

If I had brains (если бы у меня были мозги = если бы я был умнее) I would have splashed water on the bow all day (я бы поливал водой нос лодки весь день; splash - брызгать, плескать) and drying, it would have made salt (и высохнув, она бы превратилась в соль), he thought. But then I did not hook the dolphin until almost sunset (но с другой стороны я поймал дельфина почти на закате; but then - но с другой стороны). Still it was a lack of preparation (все же недостает подготовки; lack - недостаток, отсутствие; preparation - подготовка, приготовление, готовность). But I have chewed it all well (но я сжевал весь кусок) and I am not nauseated (и меня не тошнит; nauseate - чувствовать тошноту).

The sky was clouding over to the east (небо затягивало облаками на востоке) and one after another the stars he knew were gone (и одна за другой звезды, которые он знал, исчезли). It looked now as though he were moving into a great canyon of clouds (теперь казалось, как будто он двигался в большой каньон из облаков) and the wind had dropped (и ветер прекратился = стих).

miserable [mizqrqbl], nauseate [nLzieit], canyon [kxnjqn]

"What an excellent fish dolphin is to eat cooked," he said. "And what a miserable fish raw. I will never go in a boat again without salt or limes."

If I had brains I would have splashed water on the bow all day and drying, it would have made salt, he thought. But then I did not hook the dolphin until almost sunset. Still it was a lack of preparation. But I have chewed it all well and I am not nauseated.

The sky was clouding over to the east and one after another the stars he knew were gone. It looked now as though he were moving into a great canyon of clouds and the wind had dropped.

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