Изучаем английский язык, читая оригиналы.

Ernest Hemingway. The old man and the sea.

ISSUE 22

 

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Произведения данной рассылки адаптируются по методу чтения Ильи Франка следующим образом: текст разбит на отрывки, каждый из которых повторяется дважды: сначала идет английский текст с «подсказками» — с вкрапленным в него дословным русским переводом и лексико-грамматическим комментарием, а затем — тот же текст, но уже неадаптированный, без подсказок.

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Запоминание слов и выражений происходит при этом за счет их повторяемости, без зубрежки. Кроме того, читатель привыкает к логике английского языка, начинает его «чувствовать».

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Issue #22.

Sometimes he lost the scent (иногда она теряла след; scent - запах; след). But he would pick it up again (но потом снова его находила: «чуяла»), or have just a trace of it (или чуяла только часть его; trace - незначительное количество), and he swam fast and hard on the course (и она быстро и твердо брала курс). He was a very big mako shark (она была большой акулой породы мако) built to swim as fast as the fastest fish in the sea (была создана, чтобы плавать так быстро, как самая быстрая рыба в море) and everything about him was beautiful except his jaws (и все в ней было прекрасно, за исключением челюстей). His back was as blue as a sword fish's (ее спина была такой же голубой, как у рыбы-меча) and his belly was silver (брюхо было серебряным) and his hide was smooth and handsome (а кожа гладкая и красивая). He was built as a sword fish (она была «содана», как меч-рыба) except for his huge jaws (за исключением огромных челюстей) which were tight shut now as he swam fast (которые сейчас были крепко сомкнуты: «закрыты», потому что она быстро плыла), just under the surface with his high dorsal fin knifing through the water without wavering (прямо у поверхности, ее спинной плавник разрезает воду, не поднимая волн). Inside the closed double lip of his jaws (за плотно сжатыми двойными губами ее челюстей) all of his eight rows of teeth were slanted inwards (все восемь рядом зубов были загнуты внутрь). They were not the ordinary pyramid-shaped teeth of most sharks (они были не простымы пирамидальными зубами, как у большинства акул). They were shaped like a man's fingers (они были похожи: «в форме» на человеческие пальцы) when they are crisped like claws (скрюченные, как когти; crisp - закручиваться). They were nearly as long as the fingers of the old man (они были почти такой же длины, как пальцы старика) and they had razor-sharp cutting edges on both sides (и у них были острые как бритва края с двух сторон). This was a fish built to feed on all the fishes in the sea (эта рыба была создана, чтобы питаться всеми морскими рыбами), that were so fast and strong and well armed (и была настолько быстра, сильна и хорошо вооружена) that they had no other enemy (что у нее не было другого врага). Now he speeded up as he smelled the fresher scent (сейчас она спешила, чуя свежий запах) and his blue dorsal fin cut the water (и ее голубой спинной плавник разрезал воду).

scent [sent], trace [treis], crisp [krisp]

Sometimes he lost the scent. But he would pick it up again, or have just a trace of it, and he swam fast and hard on the course. He was a very big mako shark built to swim as fast as the fastest fish in the sea and everything about him was beautiful except his jaws. His back was as blue as a sword fish's and his belly was silver and his hide was smooth and handsome. He was built as a sword fish except for his huge jaws which were tight shut now as he swam fast, just under the surface with his high dorsal fin knifing through the water without wavering. Inside the closed double lip of his jaws all of his eight rows of teeth were slanted inwards. They were not the ordinary pyramid-shaped teeth of most sharks. They were shaped like a man's fingers when they are crisped like claws. They were nearly as long as the fingers of the old man and they had razor-sharp cutting edges on both sides. This was a fish built to feed on all the fishes in the sea, that were so fast and strong and well armed that they had no other enemy. Now he speeded up as he smelled the fresher scent and his blue dorsal fin cut the water.

When the old man saw him coming (когда старик увидел, что она приближается) he knew that this was a shark that had no fear at all (он знал, что это была та акула, в которой совсем нет страха) and would do exactly what he wished (и которая сделает в точности то, что желает). He prepared the harpoon (он подготовил гарпун) and made the rope fast (и привязал веревку) while he watched the shark come on (пока наблюдал, как приближается акула). The rope was short as it lacked what he had cut away to lash the fish (веревка была короткой, потому что ей не хватало той части, что он отрезал, чтобы связать рыбу; lack - не хватать, недоставать).

The old man's head was clear and good now (сейчас голова у старика работа хорошо: «была ясна и хороша») and he was full of resolution (и он был полон решимости; resolution - решительность, решимость) but he had little hope (но не тешил себя надеждой: «у него было мало надежды»). It was too good to last (было слишком хорошо, чтобы продолжаться = уж больно все было хорошо, так не может продолжаться), he thought. He took one look at the great fish as he watched the shark close in (наблюдая, как акула приближается, он бросил взгляд на большую рыбу). It might as well have been a dream (это могло бы быть и сном), he thought. I cannot keep him from hitting me (я не могу помешать ей напасть на меня) but maybe I can get him (но, возможно, я смогу убить ее). Dentuso (зубастая; dentuso - /исп./ мако-акула; зубастый), he thought. Bad luck to your mother (чума: «несчастье» на твою мать).

The shark closed fast astern (акула подплыла к корме) and when he hit the fish the old man saw his mouth open (и когда она набросилась на рыбу, старик увидел ее открытый рот) and his strange eyes (ее необыкновенные глаза) and the clicking chop of the teeth (и щелкание челюстей; chop - сильный удар) as he drove forward in the meat just above the tail (когда она впивалась все глубже в мясо прямо над хвостом). The shark's head was out of water (голова акулы была над водой) and his back was coming out (и спина выходила /на поверхность/) and the old man could hear the noise of skin and flesh ripping on the big fish (старик слышал шум разрываемой кожи и плоти большой рыбы) when he rammed the harpoon down onto the shark's head (когда он вогнал гарпун в голову акулы; ram - вгонять, вбивать, вколачивать) at a spot where the line between his eyes intersected with the line that ran straight back from his nose (в место, где линия между глазами пересекалась с линией, уходящей прямо назад от ее носа; intersect - пересекаться). There were no such lines (таких линий не было). There was only the heavy sharp blue head (была только тяжелая острая голубая голова) and the big eyes (и большие глаза) and the clicking, thrusting all-swallowing jaws (лязгающие, выпяченные, всеядные челюсти). But that was the location of the brain (но это было место, где у акулы был мозг) and the old man hit it (и старик ударил в него). He hit it with his blood mushed hands driving a good harpoon with all his strength (он ударил иссеченными до крови руками, вонзая гарпун со всех сил). He hit it without hope (он ударил без надежды) but with resolution and complete malignancy (но с уверенностью и яростной злобой; malignancy - злоба).

resolution [rqzO'lHSqn], chop [COp], intersect [intq'sekt], malignancy [mq'lignqnsi]

When the old man saw him coming he knew that this was a shark that had no fear at all and would do exactly what he wished. He prepared the harpoon and made the rope fast while he watched the shark come on. The rope was short as it lacked what he had cut away to lash the fish.

The old man's head was clear and good now and he was full of resolution but he had little hope. It was too good to last, he thought. He took one look at the great fish as he watched the shark close in. It might as well have been a dream, he thought. I cannot keep him from hitting me but maybe I can get him. Dentuso, he thought. Bad luck to your mother.

The shark closed fast astern and when he hit the fish the old man saw his mouth open and his strange eyes and the clicking chop of the teeth as he drove forward in the meat just above the tail. The shark's head was out of water and his back was coming out and the old man could hear the noise of skin and flesh ripping on the big fish when he rammed the harpoon down onto the shark's head at a spot where the line between his eyes intersected with the line that ran straight back from his nose. There were no such lines. There was only the heavy sharp blue head and the big eyes and the clicking, thrusting all-swallowing jaws. But that was the location of the brain and the old man hit it. He hit it with his blood mushed hands driving a good harpoon with all his strength. He hit it without hope but with resolution and complete malignancy.

The shark swung over (акула перевернулась; swing) and the old man saw his eye was not alive (старик увидел, что ее глаз был мерт: «не был жив») and then he swung over once again (и затем она перевернулась вновь), wrapping himself in two loops of the rope (дважды обмотав саму себя веревкой). The old man knew that he was dead (старик знал, что она мертва) but the shark would not accept it (но акула не хотела с этим мириться). Then, on his back, with his tail lashing and his jaws clicking (затем, лежа на спине, она била хвостом и лязгала челюстями), the shark plowed over the water as a speedboat does (акула вспенила воду, как моторная лодка; plow - вспахивать). The water was white where his tail beat it (вода была белой, где ударял ее хвост) and three-quarters of his body was clear above the water (и три четверти ее тела было над водой) when the rope came taut (веревка туго натянулась; taut - туго натянутый, упругий), shivered (вздрогнула), and then snapped (и затем лопнула; snap - ломать, рвать). The shark lay quietly for a little while on the surface (акула лежала некоторое время на поверхности спокойно) and the old man watched him (а старик наблюдал за ней). Then he went down very slowly (затем она очень медленно пошла ко дну).

"He took about forty pounds (она забрала около сорока фунтов)," the old man said aloud. He took my harpoon too and all the rope (она забрала мой гарпун и всю мою веревку), he thought, and now my fish bleeds again (и теперь моя рыба снова истекает кровью) and there will be others (и будут другие = придут еще акулы).

He did not like to look at the fish anymore (ему больше не нравилось смотреть на рыбу) since he had been mutilated (после того, как ее изуродовали; mutilate - калечить, увечить). When the fish had been hit (когда на рыбу накинулась /акула/) it was as though he himself were hit (это было так, как будто она накинулась на него).

plow [plau], taut [tLt], mutilate [mjHtileit]

The shark swung over and the old man saw his eye was not alive and then he swung over once again, wrapping himself in two loops of the rope. The old man knew that he was dead but the shark would not accept it. Then, on his back, with his tail lashing and his jaws clicking, the shark plowed over the water as a speedboat does. The water was white where his tail beat it and three-quarters of his body was clear above the water when the rope came taut, shivered, and then snapped. The shark lay quietly for a little while on the surface and the old man watched him. Then he went down very slowly.

"He took about forty pounds," the old man said aloud. He took my harpoon too and all the rope, he thought, and now my fish bleeds again and there will be others.

He did not like to look at the fish anymore since he had been mutilated. When the fish had been hit it was as though he himself were hit.

But I killed the shark that hit my fish (но я убил акулу, которая напала на мою рыбу), he thought. And he was the biggest dentuso that I have ever seen (и она была самой большой акулой, которую я когда-либо видел). And God knows that I have seen big ones (а, господь свидетель, я видел больших акул).

It was too good to last, he thought. I wish it had been a dream (хотелось бы мне, чтобы это все было сном) now and that I had never hooked the fish (и чтобы я никогда не поймал рыбу) and was alone in bed on the newspapers (и спал бы один на кровате, застеленной газетами: «на газетах»).

"But man is not made for defeat (но мужчина создан не для поражения)," he said. "A man can be destroyed but not defeated (мужчина может быть уничтожен, но не побежден)." I am sorry that I killed the fish though (хотя мне жаль, что я убил рыбу), he thought. Now the bad time is coming and I do not even have the harpoon (сейчас приближается плохое врем, а у меня даже нет гарпуна). The dentuso is cruel ("зубастая" жестокая) and able and strong and intelligent (способная, сильная и умная). But I was more intelligent than he was (но я был умнее ее: «чем она»). Perhaps not (возможно, нет),, he thought. Perhaps I was only better armed (возможно, я был лучше вооружен).

"Don't think, old man," he said aloud. "Sail on this course and take it when it comes (иди по курсу и встречай беду, когда она придет)."

But I killed the shark that hit my fish, he thought. And he was the biggest dentuso that I have ever seen. And God knows that I have seen big ones.

It was too good to last, he thought. I wish it had been a dream now and that I had never hooked the fish and was alone in bed on the newspapers.

"But man is not made for defeat," he said. "A man can be destroyed but not defeated." I am sorry that I killed the fish though, he thought. Now the bad time is coming and I do not even have the harpoon. The dentuso is cruel and able and strong and intelligent. But I was more intelligent than he was. Perhaps not,, he thought. Perhaps I was only better armed.

"Don't think, old man," he said aloud. "Sail on this course and take it when it comes."

But I must think, he thought. Because it is all I have left (потому что это все, что у меня осталось). That and baseball (это и бейсбол). I wonder how the great DiMaggio would have liked the way I hit him in the brain (интересно, понравилось бы великому Ди Маджио, как я ударил ее в мозг)? It was no great thing (в этом не было ничего особенного: «это было не великой вещью»), he thought. Any man could do it (любой мог бы сделать это). But do you think my hands were as great a handicap as the bone spurs (но как ты думаешь, были ли мои руки такой же сильной помехой, как и костные шипы)? I cannot know. I never had anything wrong with my heel (у меня никогда не случалось ничего с пятками) except the time the sting ray stung it (за исключением того раза, когда меня ужалил электрический скат; sting - жалить; ray - скат) when I stepped on him when swimming (когда я наступил на него во время плавания) and paralyzed the lower leg (и парализовал мне ногу от колена до ступни: «нижнюю ногу») and made the unbearable pain (и причинил невыносимую боль).

"Think about something cheerful (подумай о чем-нибудь радостном), old man," he said. "Every minute now you are closer to home (с каждой минутой ты все ближе к дому). You sail lighter for the loss of forty pounds (плывется легче из-за потери сорока фунтов)."

He knew quite well the pattern of what could happen when he reached the inner part of the current (он прекрасно знал, что может случиться, когда он достигнет внутренней части течения; pattern - образец, пример). But there was nothing to be done now (но с этим сейчас ничего нельзя было сделать).

"Yes there is (нет, можно)," he said aloud. "I can lash my knife to the butt of one of the oars (я могу привязать свой нож к рукоятке одного из весел; butt - толстый конец, рукоятка)."

handicap [hxndikxp], cheerful [Ciqful], pattern [pxtqn]

But I must think, he thought. Because it is all I have left. That and baseball. I wonder how the great DiMaggio would have liked the way I hit him in the brain? It was no great thing, he thought. Any man could do it. But do you think my hands were as great a handicap as the bone spurs? I cannot know. I never had anything wrong with my heel except the time the sting ray stung it when I stepped on him when swimming and paralyzed the lower leg and made the unbearable pain.

"Think about something cheerful, old man," he said. "Every minute now you are closer to home. You sail lighter for the loss of forty pounds."

He knew quite well the pattern of what could happen when he reached the inner part of the current. But there was nothing to be done now.

"Yes there is," he said aloud. "I can lash my knife to the butt of one of the oars."

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