Изучаем английский язык, читая оригиналы.

Ernest Hemingway. The old man and the sea.

ISSUE 21

 

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Произведения данной рассылки адаптируются по методу чтения Ильи Франка следующим образом: текст разбит на отрывки, каждый из которых повторяется дважды: сначала идет английский текст с «подсказками» — с вкрапленным в него дословным русским переводом и лексико-грамматическим комментарием, а затем — тот же текст, но уже неадаптированный, без подсказок.

Начинающие осваивать английский язык могут при этом читать сначала отрывок текста с подсказками, а затем тот же отрывок — без подсказок. Совершенствующие свой английский могут поступать наоборот: читать текст без подсказок, по мере необходимости подглядывая в подсказки.

Запоминание слов и выражений происходит при этом за счет их повторяемости, без зубрежки. Кроме того, читатель привыкает к логике английского языка, начинает его «чувствовать».

Подробнее о методе чтения Ильи Франка вы сможете узнать на его сайте.

Заглядывайте иногда на мою домашнюю страничку. Там вы сможете найти архив рассылки, ознакомиться с дальнейшими планами и, возможно, найти для себя интересную информацию.

Новости

Доброго времени суток, уважаемые подписчики!

Совершенно не хватает времени на подготовку воскресного выпуска. Хочется его делать хорошим и качественным, а то, что у меня выходило из под клавиатуры, качественным продуктом назвать нельзя. Поэтому я решил в воскресенья с этой недели делать еще один, выражаясь модным сейчас словом, казуальный выпуск. Кроме того «Старик» подходит к концу и уже выпусков через семь совсем иссякнет, поэтому нужно уже подумывать о том, что мы с вами будем читать далее. Если у вас есть какие-нибудь мысли по этому поводу — не стесняйтесь.

На моем блоге я открыл тему электронных книг. В двух словах: я не доволен качеством сегодняшних электронных изданий и предлагаю решение этой проблемы: создание проекта «Жемчужины Русской Классики». Всем, кого интересует тема электронных книг, милости просим.

Приятного чтения!

Issue #21.

The old man looked carefully in the glimpse of vision that he had (старик смотрел внимательно, насколько позволяло ему зрение: «в проблеске зрения»; glimpse - проблеск, беглый взгляд; vision - зрение). Then he took two turns of the harpoon line around the bitt in the bow (затем он дважды обмотал бечеву гарпуна вокруг кнехта на носу) and hid his head on his hands (и опустил: «спрятал» голову на руки).

"Keep my head clear (держать голову ясной)," he said against the wood of the bow (сказал он доскам носа лодки). "I am a tired old man (я уставший старик). But I have killed this fish which is my brother (но я убил эту рыбу, которая мне как брат) and now I must do the slave work (и теперь я должен сделать черную: «рабскую» работу)."

Now I must prepare the nooses (сейчас я должен подготовить петли) and the rope to lash him alongside (и веревку, чтобы привязать ее к борту: «по близости»), he thought. Even if we were two (даже если бы нас было двое) and swamped her to load him (и мы затопили бы лодку, чтобы погрузить ее; swamp - заливать, затоплять) and bailed her out (и вычерпали бы воду; bail out - вычерпывать воду), this skiff would never hold him (эта лодка ни за что не выдержала бы ее /веса/). I must prepare everything (я должен все подготовить), then bring him in and lash him well (затем подтянуть ее и привязать хорошенько) and step the mast (поставить мачту) and set sail for home (и отправиться домой).

glimpse [glimps], vision [viZqn], noose [nHs]

The old man looked carefully in the glimpse of vision that he had. Then he took two turns of the harpoon line around the bitt in the bow and hid his head on his hands.

"Keep my head clear," he said against the wood of the bow. "I am a tired old man. But I have killed this fish which is my brother and now I must do the slave work."

Now I must prepare the nooses and the rope to lash him alongside, he thought. Even if we were two and swamped her to load him and bailed her out, this skiff would never hold him. I must prepare everything, then bring him in and lash him well and step the mast and set sail for home.

He started to pull the fish in to have him alongside so that he could pass a line through his gills and out his mouth (он начал подтягивать рыбу поближе так. чтобы он мог продеть лесу через жабры и рот) and make his head fast alongside the bow (и привязать ее голову к носу). I want to see him (я хочу увидеть ее), he thought, and to touch and to feel him (и дотронуться, и почувствовать ее). He is my fortune (она - мое богатство), he thought. But that is not why I wish to feel him (но не поэтому я хочу почувстовать ее). I think I felt his heart (я думаю, я ощутил ее сердце), he thought. When I pushed on the harpoon shaft the second time (когда надавил на древко гарпуна во второй раз). Bring him in now (подтащи ее сюда) and make him fast (и привяжи) and get the noose around his tail (накинь петлю ей на хвост) and another around his middle to bind him to the skiff (а другую - посередине ее туловища, чтобы привязать ее к лодке).

"Get to work, old man (за работу, старик)," he said. He took a very small drink of the water (он сделал маленький глоток воды). "There is very much slave work to be done now that the fight is over (теперь, когда битва окончена, предстоит сделать очень много черной работы)."

He looked up at the sky and then out to his fish (он посмотрел вверх в небо, а затем на свою рыбу). He looked at the sun carefully (он смотрел на солнце очень внимательно). It is not much more than noon (недалеко за полдень), he thought. And the trade wind is rising (а пассат усиливается). The lines all mean nothing now (лесы теперь ничего не значат = не нужны). The boy and I will splice them when we are home (мы с мальчиком срастим = починим их, когда будем дома; splice - соединять, сращивать).

"Come on, fish (давай = иди сюда, рыба)," he said. But the fish did not come (но рыба не шла).

fortune [fLCHn], splice [splais]

He started to pull the fish in to have him alongside so that he could pass a line through his gills and out his mouth and make his head fast alongside the bow. I want to see him, he thought, and to touch and to feel him. He is my fortune, he thought. But that is not why I wish to feel him. I think I felt his heart, he thought. When I pushed on the harpoon shaft the second time. Bring him in now and make him fast and get the noose around his tail and another around his middle to bind him to the skiff.

"Get to work, old man," he said. He took a very small drink of the water. "There is very much slave work to be done now that the fight is over."

He looked up at the sky and then out to his fish. He looked at the sun carefully. It is not much more than noon, he thought. And the trade wind is rising. The lines all mean nothing now. The boy and I will splice them when we are home.

"Come on, fish," he said. But the fish did not come.

Instead he lay there wallowing now in the seas (вместо этого она лежала там, качаясь на морских волнах; wallow - качаться на волнах) and the old man pulled the skiff upon to him (и старик подтянул лодку к ней).

When he was even with him and had the fish's head against the bow (когда он поравнялся с ней, и голова рыбы была прямо напротив носа) he could not believe his size (он не мог поверить в ее размеры = удивился, насколько она велика). But he untied the harpoon rope from the bitt (но он отвязал бечеву гарпуна от кнехта), passed it through the fish's gills and out his jaws (продел ее сквозь жабры и челюсти рыбы), made a turn around his sword (обмотал лесу вокруг меча) then passed the rope through the other gill (затем продел веревку через другие жабры), made another turn around the bill (сделал еще один моток вокруг меча) and knotted the double rope (завязал веревку двойным узлом) and made it fast to the bitt in the bow (и привязал к кнехту на носу). He cut the rope then and went astern to noose the tail (он обрезал веревку и пошел на корму, чтобы накинуть петлю на хвост). The fish had turned silver from his original purple and silver (рыба из фиолетово-серебристой превратилась в серебристую), and the stripes showed the same pale violet colour as his tail (и полоски были того же бледно-фиолетового цвета, что и хвост). They were wider than a man's hand with his fingers spread (они были шире, чем мужская рука с расстопыренными пальцами) and the fish's eye looked as detached as the mirrors in a periscope (а глаз рыбы был таким же отрешенным, как зеркала в перископе; detach - бесстрастный) or as a saint in a procession (или как у святых в крестном ходе; procession - шествие).

wallow [wOlqu], astern [qs'tWn], detach [di'txC]

Instead he lay there wallowing now in the seas and the old man pulled the skiff upon to him.

When he was even with him and had the fish's head against the bow he could not believe his size. But he untied the harpoon rope from the bitt, passed it through the fish's gills and out his jaws, made a turn around his sword then passed the rope through the other gill, made another turn around the bill and knotted the double rope and made it fast to the bitt in the bow. He cut the rope then and went astern to noose the tail. The fish had turned silver from his original purple and silver, and the stripes showed the same pale violet colour as his tail. They were wider than a man's hand with his fingers spread and the fish's eye looked as detached as the mirrors in a periscope or as a saint in a procession.

"It was the only way to kill him (это был единственный способ убить ее)," the old man said. He was feeling better since the water (он чувствовал себя лучше из-за воды: «с тех пор как /выпил/ воды») and he knew he would not go away (он знал, что не потеряет сознание) and his head was clear (и его голова прояснилась). He's over fifteen hundred pounds the way he is (она весит больше пятнадцати сотен фунтов), he thought. Maybe much more (может и гораздо больше). If he dresses out two-thirds of that at thirty cents a pound (сколько же он получит, если мяса выйдет две трети этого веса по тридцать центов за фунт)?

"I need a pencil for that (для этого мне нужен карандаш)," he said. "My head is not that clear (моя голова не настолько ясна). But I think the great DiMaggio would be proud of me today (но думаю, великий Ди Маджио гордился бы мной сегодня). I had no bone spurs (у меня не было костного шипа). But the hands and the back hurt truly (но руки и спина здорово болели)." I wonder what a bone spur is (интересно, что такое костный шип), he thought. Maybe we have them without knowing of it (может быть, он у нас есть, а мы об этом не знаем).

He made the fish fast to bow (он привязал рыбу к носу) and stern (корме) and to the middle thwart (и к центральной банке; thwart - банка на гребной лодке). He was so big it was like lashing a much bigger skiff alongside (она была настолько большой, что казалось, что он привязал гораздо большую лодку к борту). He cut a piece of line (он отрезал кусок лесы) and tied the fish's lower jaw against his bill (и привязал нижнюю челюсть рыбы к ее мечу) so his mouth would not open (чтобы ее рот не открылся) and they would sail as cleanly as possible (и они плыли как можно спокойней: «так чисто, насколько это возможно»). Then he stepped the mast (затем он установил мачту) and, with the stick that was his gaff (с палкой вместо гафеля) and with his boom rigged (и с утановленным боном), the patched sail drew (залатаные паруса расправились; draw - наполняться ветром /о парусах/), the boat began to move (лодка начала двигаться), and half lying in the stern he sailed south-west (и полулежа на корме он поплыл на юго-запад).

He did not need a compass to tell him where southwest was (ему не нужен был компас, чтобы определить, где был юго-запад). He only needed the feel of the trade wind (ему нужно было только чувствовать пассат) and the drawing of the sail (и как раздуваются паруса). I better put a small line out with a spoon on it (мне следует закинуть маленькую лесу с блесной; spoon - ловить рыбу на блесну) and try and get something to eat and drink for the moisture (и попробывать что-нибудь поймать, чтобы съесть, и попить для влаги = утолить жажду; moisture - влажность, сырость). But he could not find a spoon and his sardines were rotten (но он не нашел блесну, а сардины протухли). So he hooked a patch of yellow Gulf weed with the gaff (тогда он подцепил багром пучок желтых водорослей) as they passed (когда проплывал мимо них) and shook it so that the small shrimps that were in it fell onto the planking of the skiff (потряс их так, что маленькие креветки, которые были в них, попадали на доски лодки). There were more than a dozen of them (их было больше дюжины) and they jumped and kicked like sand fleas (и они прыгали и барахтались как песчаные блохи; kick - барахтаться, быть активным). The old man pinched their heads off with his thumb and forefinger (старик оторвал им головы большим и указательным пальцами; pinch - зажимать между пальцев; отрезать) and ate them chewing up the shells and the tails (и съел их целиком, разжевывая скорлупки и хвосты). They were very tiny (они были крошечными) but he knew they were nourishing and they tasted good (но он знал, что они питательны и хороши на вкус).

thwart [TwLt], moisture [mOisCq], pinch [pinC]

"It was the only way to kill him," the old man said. He was feeling better since the water and he knew he would not go away and his head was clear. He's over fifteen hundred pounds the way he is, he thought. Maybe much more. If he dresses out two-thirds of that at thirty cents a pound?

"I need a pencil for that," he said. "My head is not that clear. But I think the great DiMaggio would be proud of me today. I had no bone spurs. But the hands and the back hurt truly." I wonder what a bone spur is, he thought. Maybe we have them without knowing of it.

He made the fish fast to bow and stern and to the middle thwart. He was so big it was like lashing a much bigger skiff alongside. He cut a piece of line and tied the fish's lower jaw against his bill so his mouth would not open and they would sail as cleanly as possible. Then he stepped the mast and, with the stick that was his gaff and with his boom rigged, the patched sail drew, the boat began to move, and half lying in the stern he sailed south-west.

He did not need a compass to tell him where southwest was. He only needed the feel of the trade wind and the drawing of the sail. I better put a small line out with a spoon on it and try and get something to eat and drink for the moisture. But he could not find a spoon and his sardines were rotten. So he hooked a patch of yellow Gulf weed with the gaff as they passed and shook it so that the small shrimps that were in it fell onto the planking of the skiff. There were more than a dozen of them and they jumped and kicked like sand fleas. The old man pinched their heads off with his thumb and forefinger and ate them chewing up the shells and the tails. They were very tiny but he knew they were nourishing and they tasted good.

The old man still had two drinks of water in the bottle (у старика еще было немного воды: «два глотка» в бутылке) and he used half of one after he had eaten the shrimps (и выпил четверть: «половину глотка», после того как съел креветок). The skiff was sailing well (лодка шла хорошо) considering the handicaps (учитывая помехи; consider - принимать во внимание; handicap - помеха, препятствие) and he steered with the tiller under his arm (и он правил, придерживая румпель рукой). He could see the fish (он видел рыбу) and he had only to look at his hands and feel his back against the stern (и ему нужно было только посмотреть на свои руки и ощутить свою спину, прижатую к корме) to know that this had truly happened (чтобы убедиться, что это действительно произошло) and was not a dream (и не было сном). At one time when he was feeling so badly toward the end (в одно мгновенье, когда он чувствовал себя так плохо под конец), he had thought perhaps it was a dream (он подумал, что, возможно, это был сон). Then when he had seen the fish come out of the water (и когда он увидел рыбу, выпрыгнувшую из воды) and hang motionless in the sky before he fell (и зависшую неподвижно в небе, прежде чем она упала), he was sure there was some great strangeness (он был уверен, что в этом была какая-то сильная странность; strangeness - эксцентричность, странность) and he could not believe it (и он не мог в это поверить).

Then he could not see well (затем он не мог хорошо видеть), although now he saw as well as ever (хотя сейчас он видел также хорошо, как всегда). Now he knew there was the fish (теперь он знал, что рыба была) and his hands and back were no dream (и его руки и спина не были сном). The hands cure quickly (руки исцеляются быстро), he thought. I bled them clean (я пустил им кровь достаточно, чтобы их очистить) and the salt water will heal them (а соленая вода вылечит их). The dark water of the true gulf is the greatest healer that there is (темная вода залива - лучший лекарь из всех). All I must do is keep the head clear (все, что я должен делать, это держать голову ясной). The hands have done their work and we sail well (руки сделали свою работу, и мы хорошо идем). With his mouth shut and his tail straight up and down we sail like brothers (с ее закрытой пастью и выпрямленным опущенным хвостом мы плывем, как братья). Then his head started to become a little unclear (потом его голова немного помутилась) and he thought, is he bringing me in or am I bringing him in (она везет меня, или я везу ее)? If I were towing him behind there would be no question (если бы я тащил ее позади, не было бы вопросов; tow - тащить, буксировать). Nor if the fish were in the skiff (как если бы рыба была в лодке), with all dignity gone (потеряв все достоинство), there would be no question either (также бы вопросов не возникло). But they were sailing together lashed side by side (но они плыли вместе бок о бок) and the old man thought, let him bring me in if it pleases him (пусть она меня везет, если ей так нравится). I am only better than him through trickery (я ведь лучше ее только из-за хитрости; trickery - обман, жульничество) and he meant me no harm (а она мне зла не желала).

consider [kqn'sidq], motionless [mquSqnlqs], tow [tqu], trickery [trikqri]

The old man still had two drinks of water in the bottle and he used half of one after he had eaten the shrimps. The skiff was sailing well considering the handicaps and he steered with the tiller under his arm. He could see the fish and he had only to look at his hands and feel his back against the stern to know that this had truly happened and was not a dream. At one time when he was feeling so badly toward the end, he had thought perhaps it was a dream. Then when he had seen the fish come out of the water and hang motionless in the sky before he fell, he was sure there was some great strangeness and he could not believe it.

Then he could not see well, although now he saw as well as ever. Now he knew there was the fish and his hands and back were no dream. The hands cure quickly, he thought. I bled them clean and the salt water will heal them. The dark water of the true gulf is the greatest healer that there is. All I must do is keep the head clear. The hands have done their work and we sail well. With his mouth shut and his tail straight up and down we sail like brothers. Then his head started to become a little unclear and he thought, is he bringing me in or am I bringing him in? If I were towing him behind there would be no question. Nor if the fish were in the skiff, with all dignity gone, there would be no question either. But they were sailing together lashed side by side and the old man thought, let him bring me in if it pleases him. I am only better than him through trickery and he meant me no harm.

They sailed well (они шли хорошо) and the old man soaked his hands in the salt water (старик погрузил руки в соленую воду) and tried to keep his head clear (и старался сохранять свою голову ясной). There were high cumulus clouds (высоко в небе были кучевые облака) and enough cirrus above them (а над ними - достаточно перистых) so that the old man knew the breeze would last all night (поэтому старик знал, что ветер продлится всю ночь). The old man looked at the fish constantly (старик постоянно смотрел на рыбу) to make sure it was true (чтобы убедить, что это было на самом деле). It was an hour before the first shark hit him (прошел час, прежде чем напала первая акула).

The shark was not an accident (акула не была случайностью). He had come up from deep down in the water (она пришла из глубин океана) as the dark cloud of blood had settled and dispersed in the mile deep sea (когда темное облако = пятно крови сгустилось, а затем разошлось по морю глубиной в целую милю; disperse - распространять). He had come up so fast and absolutely without caution (она всплыла так быстро и совершенно без опаски = ничего не боясь; caution - осмотрительность, осторожность) that he broke the surface of the blue water and was in the sun (так, что она разрезала поверхность голубой воды и вышла на солнце). Then he fell back into the sea (затем она снова ушла в море) and picked up the scent (почуяла запах; pick up - улавливать /запах, звук/) and started swimming on the course the skiff and the fish had taken (и поплыла по направлению, по которому плыли лодка с рыбой; course - курс, направление).

cumulus [kjHmjqlqs], cirrus [sirqs], disperse [di'spWs], caution [kLSqn]

They sailed well and the old man soaked his hands in the salt water and tried to keep his head clear. There were high cumulus clouds and enough cirrus above them so that the old man knew the breeze would last all night. The old man looked at the fish constantly to make sure it was true. It was an hour before the first shark hit him.

The shark was not an accident. He had come up from deep down in the water as the dark cloud of blood had settled and dispersed in the mile deep sea. He had come up so fast and absolutely without caution that he broke the surface of the blue water and was in the sun. Then he fell back into the sea and picked up the scent and started swimming on the course the skiff and the fish had taken.

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