Изучаем английский язык, читая оригиналы.

Ernest Hemingway. The old man and the sea.

ISSUE 19

 

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Произведения данной рассылки адаптируются по методу чтения Ильи Франка следующим образом: текст разбит на отрывки, каждый из которых повторяется дважды: сначала идет английский текст с «подсказками» — с вкрапленным в него дословным русским переводом и лексико-грамматическим комментарием, а затем — тот же текст, но уже неадаптированный, без подсказок.

Начинающие осваивать английский язык могут при этом читать сначала отрывок текста с подсказками, а затем тот же отрывок — без подсказок. Совершенствующие свой английский могут поступать наоборот: читать текст без подсказок, по мере необходимости подглядывая в подсказки.

Запоминание слов и выражений происходит при этом за счет их повторяемости, без зубрежки. Кроме того, читатель привыкает к логике английского языка, начинает его «чувствовать».

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Issue #19.

He is hitting the wire leader with his spear (она бьет по проволке, к которой привязан крючок, своим мечом), be thought. That was bound to come (это должно было произойти; bound - непременный, обязательный). He had to do that (она должна была это сделать). It may make him jump though (хотя это может заставить ее прыгнуть) and I would rather he stayed circling now (я бы предпочел, чтобы она продолжала кружить). The jumps were necessary for him to take air (прыжки были необходимы для нее, чтобы набрать воздуха). But after that each one can widen the opening of the hook wound (но после этого каждый новый прыжок может расширить рану от крючка) and he can throw the hook (и она может сорваться: «сбросить крюк»).

"Don't jump, fish (не прыгай, рыба)," he said. "Don't jump."

The fish hit the wire several times more (рыба ударила проволку еще несколько раз) and each time he shook his head (и каждый раз, когда она трясла головой) the old man gave up a little line (старик отдавал немного лесы).

I must hold his pain where it is (я не должен причинять ей лишнюю боль: «я должен держать ее боль, где она сейчас»), he thought. Mine does not matter (моя /боль/ ничего не значит). I can control mine (я могу контролировать свою /боль/). But his pain could drive him mad (но ее боль может свести ее с ума).

wire [waiq], several [sevqrql]

He is hitting the wire leader with his spear, be thought. That was bound to come. He had to do that. It may make him jump though and I would rather he stayed circling now. The jumps were necessary for him to take air. But after that each one can widen the opening of the hook wound and he can throw the hook.

"Don't jump, fish," he said. "Don't jump."

The fish hit the wire several times more and each time he shook his head the old man gave up a little line.

I must hold his pain where it is, he thought. Mine does not matter. I can control mine. But his pain could drive him mad.

After a while the fish stopped beating at the wire (через некоторое время, рыба перестала бить по проволке; after a while - в конце концов; через некоторое время) and started circling slowly again (и снова начала медленно кружить). The old man was gaining line steadily now (старик равномерно забирал лесу; gain - добывать; получать). But he felt faint again (и он снова почувствовал слабость). He lifted some sea water with his left hand (он зачерпнул: «поднял» немного морской воды левой рукой) and put it on his head (и вылил ее себе на голову). Then he put more on (затем он вылил еще) and rubbed the back of his neck (и потер затылок; rub - тереться, втирать).

"I have no cramps (у меня нет судороги)," he said. "He'll be up soon (она скоро всплывет) and I can last (я выдержу; last - выдерживать). You have to last (ты должен выдержать). Don't even speak of it (даже не говори об этом)."

He kneeled against the bow (он опустился на колени рядом с носом лодки) and, for a moment, slipped the line over his back again (и перекинул лесу снова на спину). I'll rest now while he goes out on the circle (я сейчас отдохну, пока она ходит кругами) and then stand up and work on him when he comes in (а затем встану и начну работать над ней = выбирать лесу, когда она подойдет поближе), he decided.

It was a great temptation to rest in the bow (отдохнуть на носу лодки было большим искушением) and let the fish make one circle by himself (и позволить рыбе сделать один круг самой) without recovering any line (не таща лесу; recover - возвращать, получать обратно). But when the strain showed the fish had turned to come toward the boat (но когда натяжение лесы показало, что рыба повернула назад к лодке), the old man rose to his feet (старик поднялся на ноги) and started the pivoting and the weaving pulling (и начал, вращая туловищем и взмахивая руками, тянуть; weave - качаться, покачиваться) that brought in all the line he gained (чтобы вернуть всю лесу).

gain [gein], recover [ri'kAvq], weave [wJv]

After a while the fish stopped beating at the wire and started circling slowly again. The old man was gaining line steadily now. But he felt faint again. He lifted some sea water with his left hand and put it on his head. Then he put more on and rubbed the back of his neck.

"I have no cramps," he said. "He'll be up soon and I can last. You have to last. Don't even speak of it."

He kneeled against the bow and, for a moment, slipped the line over his back again. I'll rest now while he goes out on the circle and then stand up and work on him when he comes in, he decided.

It was a great temptation to rest in the bow and let the fish make one circle by himself without recovering any line. But when the strain showed the fish had turned to come toward the boat, the old man rose to his feet and started the pivoting and the weaving pulling that brought in all the line he gained.

I'm tireder than I have ever been (я устал так, как не уставал ни разу в жизни), he thought, and now the trade wind is rising (ветер усиливается; trade wind - пассат). But that will be good to take him in with (но будет хорошо взять его с собой /на обратном пути/). I need that badly (мне это сильно нужно).

"I'll rest on the next turn as he goes out (я отдохну, когда она пойдет в следующий круг)," he said. "I feel much better (я чувствую себя гораздо лучше). Then in two or three turns more I will have him (тогда через два или три круга: «захода» рыба будет моей)."

His straw hat was far on the back of his head (его соломенная шляпа была далеко на затылке) and he sank down into the bow with the pull of the line as he felt the fish turn (он упал на нос лодки от тяги лесы, когда он почувствовал, что рыба пошла на очередной круг; sink - падать, опускаться).

You work now, fish, he thought (теперь ты поработай, рыба, подумал он). I'll take you at the turn (я тебя поймаю, когда ты повернешь).

The sea had risen considerably (море значительно поднялось = по морю прошла большая волна; considerably - значительно, много). But it was a fair-weather breeze (но это был ветер ясной погоды) and he had to have it to get home (и ему он был нужен, чтобы добраться до дому).

sink [siNk], considerably [kqn'sidqrqbli]

I'm tireder than I have ever been, he thought, and now the trade wind is rising. But that will be good to take him in with. I need that badly.

"I'll rest on the next turn as he goes out," he said. "I feel much better. Then in two or three turns more I will have him."

His straw hat was far on the back of his head and he sank down into the bow with the pull of the line as he felt the fish turn.

You work now, fish, he thought. I'll take you at the turn.

The sea had risen considerably. But it was a fair-weather breeze and he had to have it to get home.

"I'll just steer south and west (буду править на юг и запад; steer - править, вести судно)," he said. "A man is never lost at sea (человек никогда не заблудится в море) and it is a long island (и = к тому же остров длинный)."

It was on the third turn that he saw the fish first (на третьем круге он увидел рыбу впервые).

He saw him first as a dark shadow (он увидел ее сначала, как темную тень) that took so long to pass under the boat (которая так долго проходила под лодкой) that he could not believe its length (что он не мог поверить в ее размеры: «длину»).

"No," he said. "He can't be that big (она не может быть настолько большой)."

But he was that big (но она была настолько большой) and at the end of this circle he came to the surface only thirty yards away (и под конец круга она всплыла на поверхность всего в тридцати ярдах от лодки) and the man saw his tail out of water (и старик увидел ее хвост, /высунувшийся/ из воды). It was higher than a big scythe blade (он был больше: «выше» большое серпа) and a very pale lavender above the dark blue water (и был бледно-лиловый над темной голубой водой = и над темной водой казался бледно-лиловым). It raked back (он отклонился назад; rake - отклонятся) and as the fish swam just below the surface (и когда рыба проплывала прямо у поверхности) the old man could see his huge bulk (старик увидел ее огромное тело) and the purple stripes that banded him (и фиолетовые полоски, которые опоясывали его /тело/). His dorsal fin was down (ее спинные плавники были опущены) and his huge pectorals were spread wide (а огромные грудные плавники были широко раскинуты).

steer [stiq], island [ailqnd], rake [reik]

"I'll just steer south and west," he said. "A man is never lost at sea and it is a long island."

It was on the third turn that he saw the fish first.

He saw him first as a dark shadow that took so long to pass under the boat that he could not believe its length.

"No," he said. "He can't be that big."

But he was that big and at the end of this circle he came to the surface only thirty yards away and the man saw his tail out of water. It was higher than a big scythe blade and a very pale lavender above the dark blue water. It raked back and as the fish swam just below the surface the old man could see his huge bulk and the purple stripes that banded him. His dorsal fin was down and his huge pectorals were spread wide.

On this circle the old man could see the fish's eye (на этом круге старик увидел глаз рыбы) and the two gray sucking fish that swain around him (и двух серых рыб-прилипал, которые кружили вокруг нее; swain - пастух; пастись). Sometimes they attached themselves to him (иногда они прилеплялись к ней; attach - прикреплять, приклеивать). Sometimes they darted off (иногда бросались прочь; dart off - срываться с места). Sometimes they would swim easily in his shadow (иногда они свободно плыли в ее тени). They were each over three feet long (каждая была длинною более трех футов) and when they swam fast they lashed their whole bodies like eels (и когда они быстро плыли, они извивались всем телом, как угри; eel - угорь).

The old man was sweating now (старик сейчас потел) but from something else besides the sun (но не только от солнца: «но от чего-то другого помимо солнца»). On each calm placid turn the fish made (на каждом круге, который рыба делала спокойно и безмятежно; placid - безмятежный, мирный) he was gaining line (он забирал лесу) and he was sure that in two turns more (и был уверен, что еще через два круга) he would have a chance to get the harpoon in (он сможет всадить в нее гарпун).

But I must get him close (но я должен подпустить ее поближе), close, close, he thought. I mustn't try for the head (нельзя пробовать попасть в голову). I must get the heart (я должен попасть в сердце).

"Be calm and strong (будь спокойным и сильным), old man," he said.

swain [swein], attach [q'txC], eel [Jl], placid [plxsid]

On this circle the old man could see the fish's eye and the two gray sucking fish that swain around him. Sometimes they attached themselves to him. Sometimes they darted off. Sometimes they would swim easily in his shadow. They were each over three feet long and when they swam fast they lashed their whole bodies like eels.

The old man was sweating now but from something else besides the sun. On each calm placid turn the fish made he was gaining line and he was sure that in two turns more he would have a chance to get the harpoon in.

But I must get him close, close, close, he thought. I mustn't try for the head. I must get the heart.

"Be calm and strong, old man," he said.

On the next circle the fish's back was out (на следующем круге спина рыбы показалась над водой) but he was a little too far from the boat (но она была немного дальше от лодки /чем хотелось бы/). On the next circle he was still too far away (на следующем круге она все еще была слишком далеко) but he was higher out of water (но она сильнее возвышалась над водой ) and the old man was sure that by gaining some more line he could have him alongside (и старик был уверен, что, забрав еще немного лесы, он сможет подтянуть ее поближе).

He had rigged his harpoon long before (он подготовил гарпун задолго до этого; rig - оборудовать, оснащать) and its coil of light rope was in a round basket (его моток тонкой веревки был в круглой корзине) and the end was made fast to the bitt in the bow (и конец = она была привязана к кнехту на носу лодки).

The fish was coming in on his circle now (рыба приближалась, делая свой круг) calm and beautiful looking (спокойная и прекрасная) and only his great tail moving (и только ее огромный хвост двигался). The old man pulled on him all that he could to bring him closer (старик потянул ее изо всех сил, чтобы подтянуть ее поближе). For just a moment the fish turned a little on his side (на какое-то мгновение рыба слегка завалилась на бок). Then he straightened himself and began another circle (затем выпрямилась и начала очередной круг).

"I moved him (я сдвинул ее)," the old man said. "I moved him then."

rig [rig]

On the next circle the fish's back was out but he was a little too far from the boat. On the next circle he was still too far away but he was higher out of water and the old man was sure that by gaining some more line he could have him alongside.

He had rigged his harpoon long before and its coil of light rope was in a round basket and the end was made fast to the bitt in the bow.

The fish was coming in on his circle now calm and beautiful looking and only his great tail moving. The old man pulled on him all that he could to bring him closer. For just a moment the fish turned a little on his side. Then he straightened himself and began another circle.

"I moved him," the old man said. "I moved him then."

He felt faint again now (он опять почувствовал слабость) but he held on the great fish all the strain that he could (но он держал огромную рыбу изо всех сил). I moved him, he thought. Maybe this time I can get him over (может быть, на этот раз я смогу перевернуть ее на спину). Pull, hands (тяните, руки), he thought. Hold up, legs (держитесь, ноги). Last for me, head (послужи мне, голова). Last for me. You never went (ты никогда меня не подводила: «не уходила»)/ This time I'll pull him over (на этот раз я переверну ее).

But when he put all of his effort on (но когда он напряг все свои силы), starting it well out before the fish came alongside (начав еще до того, как рыба приблизилась) and pulling with all his strength (тянуть изо всех своих сил), the fish pulled part way over (рыба слегка завалилась: «часть пути переворота») and then righted himself and swam away (а затем выпрямилась и уплыла прочь).

"Fish," the old man said. "Fish, you are going to have to die anyway (ты все равно должна умереть). Do you have to kill me too (ты и меня должна убить)?"

That way nothing is accomplished (так ничего не выйдет; accomplish - совершать, достигать), he thought. His mouth was too dry to speak (во рту было слишком сухо, чтобы говорить) but he could not reach for the water now (но он не мог дотянуться сейчас до воды). I must get him alongside this time (я должен подтянуть ее поближе на этот раз), he thought. I am not good for many more turns (я не настолько хорошо себя чувствую, чтобы выдержать еще много кругов = на долго меня не хватит). Yes you are (да, на столько = нет, хватит), he told himself. You're good for ever (тебя хватит на века).

effort [efqt], accomplish [q'kOmpliS]

He felt faint again now but he held on the great fish all the strain that he could. I moved him, he thought. Maybe this time I can get him over. Pull, hands, he thought. Hold up, legs. Last for me, head. Last for me. You never went/ This time I'll pull him over.

But when he put all of his effort on, starting it well out before the fish came alongside and pulling with all his strength, the fish pulled part way over and then righted himself and swam away.

"Fish," the old man said. "Fish, you are going to have to die anyway. Do you have to kill me too?"

That way nothing is accomplished, he thought. His mouth was too dry to speak but he could not reach for the water now. I must get him alongside this time, he thought. I am not good for many more turns. Yes you are, he told himself. You're good for ever.

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