Изучаем английский язык, читая оригиналы.

Ernest Hemingway. The old man and the sea.

ISSUE 18

 

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Произведения данной рассылки адаптируются по методу чтения Ильи Франка следующим образом: текст разбит на отрывки, каждый из которых повторяется дважды: сначала идет английский текст с «подсказками» — с вкрапленным в него дословным русским переводом и лексико-грамматическим комментарием, а затем — тот же текст, но уже неадаптированный, без подсказок.

Начинающие осваивать английский язык могут при этом читать сначала отрывок текста с подсказками, а затем тот же отрывок — без подсказок. Совершенствующие свой английский могут поступать наоборот: читать текст без подсказок, по мере необходимости подглядывая в подсказки.

Запоминание слов и выражений происходит при этом за счет их повторяемости, без зубрежки. Кроме того, читатель привыкает к логике английского языка, начинает его «чувствовать».

Подробнее о методе чтения Ильи Франка вы сможете узнать на его сайте.

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Issue #18.

The line went out and out and out but it was slowing now (леса все уходила, уходила и уходила, но теперь уже медленее) and he was making the fish earn each inch of it (и он заставлял рыбу отвоевывать каждый ее дюйм; earn - заслуживать). Now he got his head up from the wood and out of the slice of fish that his cheek had crushed (теперь он поднял голову от дерева и куска рыбы, в которую врезалась его щека). Then he was on his knees (затем он был на коленях = поднялся на колени) and then he rose slowly to his feet (а затем он поднялся медленно на ноги). He was ceding line but more slowly all he time (он отдавал лесу, но с каждым разом все медленнее; cede - уступать, идти на уступки). He worked back to where he could feel with his foot the coils of line that he could not see (он отступил назад, где он мог чувствовать ногой мотки бечевы, которую не мог видеть). There was plenty of line still (оставалось еще много бечевы) and now the fish had to pull the friction of all that new line through the water (и теперь рыбе придется тянуть всю ту новую лесу через воду).

Yes, he thought. And now he has jumped more than a dozen times (и теперь, когда она выпрыгнула более дюжины раз) and filled the sacks along his back with air (и наполнила мешки вдоль ее спины воздухом) and he cannot go down deep to die where I cannot bring him up (и она не сможет уйти глубоко на дно, чтобы умереть, где я не смогу вытащить ее). He will start circling soon (она скоро начнет кружить) and then I must work on him (и тогда я должен буду поработать /над ней/). I wonder what started him so suddenly (интересно, что ее так неожидано вспугнуло; to start - вспугивать)? Could it have been hunger that made him desperate (мог ли это быть голод, доведшие ее до отчаяния), or was he frightened by something in the night (или же она испугалась чего-то ночью)? Maybe he suddenly felt fear (может быть она неожидано испугалась: «почувствовала страх»). But he was such a calm, strong fish (но она была такой спокойной сильной рыбой) and he seemed so fearless and so confident (и она казалась такой бесстрашной и такой уверенной). It is strange (странно).

each [JC], cede [sJd]

The line went out and out and out but it was slowing now and he was making the fish earn each inch of it. Now he got his head up from the wood and out of the slice of fish that his cheek had crushed. Then he was on his knees and then he rose slowly to his feet. He was ceding line but more slowly all he time. He worked back to where he could feel with his foot the coils of line that he could not see. There was plenty of line still and now the fish had to pull the friction of all that new line through the water.

Yes, he thought. And now he has jumped more than a dozen times and filled the sacks along his back with air and he cannot go down deep to die where I cannot bring him up. He will start circling soon and then I must work on him. I wonder what started him so suddenly? Could it have been hunger that made him desperate, or was he frightened by something in the night? Maybe he suddenly felt fear. But he was such a calm, strong fish and he seemed so fearless and so confident. It is strange.

"You better be fearless (тебе лучше быть бесстрашным) and confident yourself (и уверенным в себе), old man," he said. "You're holding him again but you cannot get line (ты снова держишь ее, но ты не можешь забрать лесу). But soon he has to circle (но вскоре она должна начать кружить)."

The old man held line with his left hand and his shoulders now (старик держал лесу левой рукой и плечьми) and stooped down (наклонился вниз) and scooped up water in his right hand (и зачерпнул воду правой рукой) to get the crushed dolphin flesh off of his face (чтобы смыть раздавленное мясо дельфина с лица). He was afraid that it might nauseate him (он боялся, что его может стошнить от него: «оно вызовет рвоту») and he would vomit and lose his strength (и его вырвет, и он потеряет силу). When his face was cleaned (когда лицо было вымыто) he washed his right hand in the water over the side (он вымыл свою правую руку в воде за бортом) and then let it stay in the salt water (и затем оставил: «позволил ей остаться» ее в соленой воде) while he watched the first light come before the sunrise (пока наблюдал, как первые лучи света приходят перед рассветом). He's headed almost east (она направилась почти на восток), he thought. That means he is tired and going with the current (это значит, что она устала и идет по течению). Soon he will have to circle (скоро она должна пойти кругами). Then our true work begins (вот тогда начнется настоящая работа).

After he judged that his right hand had been in the water long enough (после того, как он решил, что его рука пробыла в воде достаточно долго ) he took it out and looked at it (он вытащил ее и посмотрел на нее).

circle [sWkl], nauseate [nLsieit]

"You better be fearless and confident yourself, old man," he said. "You're holding him again but you cannot get line. But soon he has to circle."

The old man held line with his left hand and his shoulders now and stooped down and scooped up water in his right hand to get the crushed dolphin flesh off of his face. He was afraid that it might nauseate him and he would vomit and lose his strength. When his face was cleaned he washed his right hand in the water over the side and then let it stay in the salt water while he watched the first light come before the sunrise. He's headed almost east, he thought. That means he is tired and going with the current. Soon he will have to circle. Then our true work begins.

After he judged that his right hand had been in the water long enough he took it out and looked at it.

"It is not bad (не так уж и плохо)," he said. "And pain does not matter to a man (а боль ничего не значит для мужчины = боль мужчине нипочем)."

He took hold of the line carefully (он взял лесу осторожно) so that it did not fit into any of the fresh line cuts (таким образом, чтобы она не попала ни на один из свежих порезов) and shifted his weight so that he could put his left hand into the sea on the other side of the skiff (и перенес вес так, чтобы он мог опустить левую руку в море через другой борт лодки).

"You did not do so badly for something worthless (ты была не так плоха для чего-то столь бесполезного = для такого ничтожества, как ты, ты вела себя неплохо)," he said to his left hand. "But there was a moment when I could not find you (но была минута, когда я не мог найти тебя)."

Why was I not born with two good hands (почему я не родился с двумя хорошими руками)? he thought. Perhaps it was my fault in not training that one properly (возможно, это моя вина, что я не тренировал ее должным образом). But God knows he has had enough chances to learn (но, Господь свидетель, у нее было много возможностей научиться). He did not do so badly in the night (она была не так уж плоха ночью), though, and he has only cramped once (и ее сводило судорогой только раз). If he cramps again let the line cut him off (если ее опять сведет, пусть леса ее отрежет).

weight [weit], worthless [wWTlqs], fault [fLlt]

"It is not bad," he said. "And pain does not matter to a man."

He took hold of the line carefully so that it did not fit into any of the fresh line cuts and shifted his weight so that he could put his left hand into the sea on the other side of the skiff.

"You did not do so badly for something worthless," he said to his left hand. "But there was a moment when I could not find you."

Why was I not born with two good hands? he thought. Perhaps it was my fault in not training that one properly. But God knows he has had enough chances to learn. He did not do so badly in the night, though, and he has only cramped once. If he cramps again let the line cut him off.

When he thought that he knew that he was not being clear-headed (когда он подумал это, он понял, что в голове у него помутилось ) and he thought he should chew some more of the dolphin (и он подумал, что ему следует пожевать = съесть еще немного дельфина). But I can't, he told himself. It is better to be light-headed than to lose your strength from nausea (лучше пусть голова будет мутной, чем потерять силы от тошноты; light-headed - находящийся в бреду, в неясном сознании; nausea - тошнота, отвращение). And I know I cannot keep it if I eat it (и я знаю, что не смогу удержать его /внутри/, если съем его) since my face was in it (потому что мое лицо было в нем). I will keep it for an emergency until it goes bad (я приберегу его на крайний случай, пока он не испортится; emergency - крайняя необходимость). But it is too late to try for strength now through nourishment (но сейчас уже слишком поздно восстанавливать силы едой: «через питание»; nourishment - питание, кормление). You're stupid (ты глупец), he told himself. Eat the other flying fish (съешь другую летучую рыбу).

It was there, cleaned and ready (она была там, очищенная и готовая), and he picked it up with his left hand (он поднял ее левой рукой) and ate it (и съел ее) chewing the bones carefully (осторожно пережевывая кости) and eating all of it down to the tail (съев ее всю до хвоста = без остатка).

It has more nourishment than almost any fish (она питательней любой другой рыбы), he thought. At least the kind of strength that I need (во всяком случае силы, которые мне нужны). Now I have done what I can (теперь я сделал все, что мог), he thought. Let him begin to circle (пускай начнет кружить) and let the fight come (и пускай начнется битва).

nausea [nLsiq], emergency [i'mWGensi], nourishment [nAriSmqnt]

When he thought that he knew that he was not being clear-headed and he thought he should chew some more of the dolphin. But I can't, he told himself. It is better to be light-headed than to lose your strength from nausea. And I know I cannot keep it if I eat it since my face was in it. I will keep it for an emergency until it goes bad. But it is too late to try for strength now through nourishment. You're stupid, he told himself. Eat the other flying fish.

It was there, cleaned and ready, and he picked it up with his left hand and ate it chewing the bones carefully and eating all of it down to the tail.

It has more nourishment than almost any fish, he thought. At least the kind of strength that I need. Now I have done what I can, he thought. Let him begin to circle and let the fight come.

The sun was rising for the third time since he had put to sea (солнце всходило в третий раз, с тех пор как он вышел в море) when the fish started to circle (когда рыба начала кружить).

He could not see by the slant of the line that the fish was circling (он не мог определить: «увидеть» по наклону, под которым леса уходила в воду, что рыба кружила). It was too early for that (было слишком рано для этого). He just felt a faint slackening of the pressure of the line (он только почувствовал, как давление лески ослабло; slacken - ослаблять /натяжение/, провисать /о веревке/) and he commenced to pull on it gently with his right hand (и он начал тянуть лесу мягко правой рукой). It tightened, as always (она натянулась, как всегда), but just when he reached the point where it would break (но когда он достиг точки, где она разорвется), line began to come in (леса пошла свободно). He slipped his shoulders and head from under the line (он мягко убрал свои плечи и голову из под лесы; sllip - двигаться легко, мягко) and began to pull in line steadily and gently (и начал тянуть лесу ровно и спокойно). He used both of his hands in a swinging motion (он использовал обе руки взмахивая ими поочередно; swing - размахивать) and tried to do the pulling as much as he could with his body and his legs (и старался тянуть так сильно, как только мог всем телом и ногами). His old legs and shoulders pivoted with the swinging of the pulling (его старые ноги и плечи вращались вместе с раскачивающими движениями рук).

"It is a very big circle (это очень большой круг)," he said. "But he is circling (но она кружит)." Then the line would not come in any more (затем леса больше не шла) and he held it until he saw the drops jumping from it in the sun (и он натягивал ее до тех, пока не увидел, как капли стали отскакивать от нее на солце). Then it started out (затем леса стала уходить) and the old man knelt down (и старик встал на колени) and let it go grudgingly back into the dark water (и нехотя отпускал ее в темную воду; grundingly - неохотно, нехотя).

slacken [slxkqn], pivot [pivqt], grudgingly [grAGinli]

The sun was rising for the third time since he had put to sea when the fish started to circle.

He could not see by the slant of the line that the fish was circling. It was too early for that. He just felt a faint slackening of the pressure of the line and he commenced to pull on it gently with his right hand. It tightened, as always, but just when he reached the point where it would break, line began to come in. He slipped his shoulders and head from under the line and began to pull in line steadily and gently. He used both of his hands in a swinging motion and tried to do the pulling as much as he could with his body and his legs. His old legs and shoulders pivoted with the swinging of the pulling.

"It is a very big circle," he said. "But he is circling." Then the line would not come in any more and he held it until he saw the drops jumping from it in the sun. Then it started out and the old man knelt down and let it go grudgingly back into the dark water.

"He is making the far part of his circle now (она делает дальнюю часть своего круга)," he said. I must hold all I can (я должен держать изо всех сил), he thought. The strain will shorten his circle each time (натяжение будет укорачивать круг каждый раз). Perhaps in an hour I will see him (возможно, через час я увижу ее). Now I must convince him (сейчас я должен убедить ее) and then I must kill him (а затем я должен убить ее).

But the fish kept on circling slowly (но рыба продолжала медленно кружить) and the old man was wet with sweat (и старик был мокр от пота) and tired deep into his bones two hours later (и устал глубоко до самых костей двумя часами позже). But the circles were much shorter now (но круги были гораздо меньше) and from the way the line slanted he could tell the fish had risen steadily while he swam (и по тому, под каким углом леса уходила в воду, он знал, что рыба постепенно поднимается).

For an hour the old man had been seeing black spots before his eyes (целый час у старика перед глазами мелькали черные пятна) and the sweat salted his eyes (пот «солонил» глаза = соленый пот жег глаза) and salted the cut over his eye and on his forehead (и порез над глазом и на лбе). He was not afraid of the black spots (он не боялся черных пятен). They were normal at the tension that he was pulling on the line (они были нормой из-за того усилия, с которым он тянул лесу). Twice, though, he had felt faint and dizzy (однако дважды он чувствовал слабость и головокружение; faint - слабый, вялый; dizzy - чувствующий головокружение) and that had worried him (и это его беспокоило).

spot [spOt], salt [sLlt], forehead [fLhed]

"He is making the far part of his circle now," he said. I must hold all I can, he thought. The strain will shorten his circle each time. Perhaps in an hour I will see him. Now I must convince him and then I must kill him.

But the fish kept on circling slowly and the old man was wet with sweat and tired deep into his bones two hours later. But the circles were much shorter now and from the way the line slanted he could tell the fish had risen steadily while he swam.

For an hour the old man had been seeing black spots before his eyes and the sweat salted his eyes and salted the cut over his eye and on his forehead. He was not afraid of the black spots. They were normal at the tension that he was pulling on the line. Twice, though, he had felt faint and dizzy and that had worried him.

"I could not fail myself and die on a fish like this (я не могу подвести себя и умереть из-за этой рыбы)," he said. "Now that I have him coming so beautifully (теперь, когда все идет так хорошо), God help me endure (боже, помоги мне выстоять). I'll say a hundred Our Fathers and a hundred Hail Marys (я прочту сто раз «Отче Наш» и «Богородицу»). But I cannot say them now (но я не могу читать их сейчас).

Consider them said (считай, что прочел /молитвы/; consider - полагать, считать), he thought. I'll say them later (я прочту их позже). Just then he felt a sudden banging and jerking on the line he held with his two hands (тогда он почувствовал неожиданные удары и рывки на бечеве, которую держал двумя руками). It was sharp (он был резким) and hard-feeling (жестким) and heavy (и тяжелым).

endure [in'djuq], consider [kqn'sidq]

"I could not fail myself and die on a fish like this," he said. "Now that I have him coming so beautifully, God help me endure. I'll say a hundred Our Fathers and a hundred Hail Marys. But I cannot say them now.

Consider them said, he thought. I'll say them later. Just then he felt a sudden banging and jerking on the line he held with his two hands. It was sharp and hard-feeling and heavy.

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