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Автор
Игорь Игоревич Хохлов

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English club


English Club №4: Grammar - Past Perfect Tense

Hi, dear subscribers!

I am not hiding from you, that at the moment this subscription is a bit of an experiment. I am trying to put in different materials, get some mail from you and then to decide, what direction to choose in future. This issue, as I decided, would be the grammatical lesson. I intend to show the usage of the Past Perfect Tense.

  1. We use the past perfect describing an event, which happened before the last event in the sequence we have written or spoken about:

    The reforms had begun a few months before John moved in the California.

  2. In case we are talking about events before another event in the past, we don't have to continue using the past perfect:

    I bought a new computer last year. I had used old one for ages, but it started (or had started) to run very slow. I installed (or had installed) a new processor in it, but that didn't made (or hadn't made) it run much faster.

  3. In case past events order is clear from context (for example, if time expressions make the order clear) we can often use either the past perfect or the past simple:

    After John had finished making a dinner, he called to Amy (or ...John finished...)

  4. The past perfect is often used in reporting what was originally said or thought in the present perfect or past simple:

    Talking about a past event: "They have known each other a year," said Ron.

    Reporting this past event: Ron said, that they had known each other a year.

  5. We can either use the past perfect or past simple (and often past continuous and past perfect continuous) when we talk about things that we intended to do, but didn't or won't now do in the future:

    I had hoped to visit the museum before I left Saint-Petersburg, but it is closed on Sundays. (or I hoped..., I was hoping..., I had been hoping...)

Now we are going to have a look on the real text pieces.

The more he attempted to focus on the print on the page before him, the more clearly the Prime Minister could see the gloating face of one of his political opponents. This particular opponent had appeared on the news that very day, not only to enumerate all the terrible things that had happened in the last week (as though anyone needed reminding) but also to explain why each and every one of them was the government's fault.

In the early 1840s, California was a distant outpost that only a handful of Americans had seen. The sleepy port that would become San Francisco had just a few hundred residents.

Brannan keenly understood the laws of supply and demand. His wild run through San Francisco came just after he had purchased every pick axe, pan and shovel in the region. A metal pan that sold for twenty cents a few days earlier, was now available from Brannan for fifteen dollars. In just nine weeks he made thirty-six thousand dollars.

In that speech, Frist said he had reviewed videotapes of Schiavo and noted that her brother "said that she responds to her parents and to him.

Merry Christmas. I had hoped to be able to get together with you before this great feast, but I guess that was not meant to be. I have spent these many months praying for a chance for healing. I know that, for the Christian, time does not heal all things; only reaching out for healing and understanding does. Since April, when Dan said "things were over" I have wanted to teach out to Dan and to others, but I couldn't, mainly because Dan said not to, and told me that no one else was concerned.

At the moment I am thinking of a subject of the next issue. Probably it will be a "topic". I am happy to tell you, that you will see our site soon. I have ordered a hosting and I am going to upload some content soon.

P.S. I am still looking forward a mail from you.

See you later,
Sincerely yours, Denis
Contact: slugclub@mail.ru
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