Изучаем английский язык, читая оригиналы.

Ernest Hemingway. The old man and the sea.

ISSUE 7

 

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Произведения данной рассылки адаптируются по методу чтения Ильи Франка следующим образом: текст разбит на отрывки, каждый из которых повторяется дважды: сначала идет английский текст с «подсказками» — с вкрапленным в него дословным русским переводом и лексико-грамматическим комментарием, а затем — тот же текст, но уже неадаптированный, без подсказок.

Начинающие осваивать английский язык могут при этом читать сначала отрывок текста с подсказками, а затем тот же отрывок — без подсказок. Совершенствующие свой английский могут поступать наоборот: читать текст без подсказок, по мере необходимости подглядывая в подсказки.

Запоминание слов и выражений происходит при этом за счет их повторяемости, без зубрежки. Кроме того, читатель привыкает к логике английского языка, начинает его «чувствовать».

Подробнее о методе чтения Ильи Франка вы сможете узнать на его сайте.

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Issue #7.

"Agua mala (исп. медуза; досл. морской дьявол)," the man said. "You whore (ах ты шлюха = сука)."

From where he swung lightly against his oars he looked down into the water (легко загребая веслами, он заглянул в воду; swing) and saw the tiny fish that were coloured like the trailing filaments (и увидел крошечных рыбешек, которые были окрашены как волочащиеся щупальца) and swam between them (и плавали между ними) and under the small shade the bubble made as it drifted (и под маленькой тенью отбрасываемой плывущим пузырем). They were immune to its poison (они были неуязвимы к ее яду). But men were not (но люди нет) and when same of the filaments would catch on a line (и когда подобная щупальца зацепится за леску) and rest there slimy and purple while the old man was working a fish (и пристает к ней, липкая и фиолетовая, пока старик вытаскивает рыбу), he would have welts and sores on his arms and hands (у него будут все руки до локтей в рубцах и язвах) of the sort that poison ivy or poison oak can give (на подобии тех, что могут дать ядовитый плющ или сумах). But these poisonings from the agua mala came quickly and struck like a whiplash (но этот яд морского дьявола действовал быстро и бил словно кнутом).

The iridescent bubbles were beautiful (переливчатые пузыри были красивы). But they were the falsest thing in the sea (но они были самыми коварными жителями моря; false – обманным путем, коварно) and the old man loved to see the big sea turtles eating them (и старик любил смотреть, как их поедают большие морские черепахи). The turtles saw them (черепахи замечали их), approached them from the front (приближались к ним спереди), then shut their eyes so they were completely carapaced (затем закрывали глаза, чтобы быть полностью защищенными; carapace – панцирь) and ate them filaments and all (и съедали их вместе с щупальцами). The old man loved to see the turtles eat them (старик любил смотреть, как черепахи поедали их) and he loved to walk on them on the beach after a storm (и он любил пройтись по ним на берегу после шторма) and hear them pop when he stepped on them with the horny soles of his feet (и слышать, как они лопаются, когда он наступает на них мозолистой подошвой своих ног; horny – мозолистый, затвердевший; sol – подошва, ступня).

immune [I’mjHn], carapace [kxrqpeis], horny [hLni]

"Agua mala," the man said. "You whore."

From where he swung lightly against his oars he looked down into the water and saw the tiny fish that were coloured like the trailing filaments and swam between them and under the small shade the bubble made as it drifted. They were immune to its poison. But men were not and when same of the filaments would catch on a line and rest there slimy and purple while the old man was working a fish, he would have welts and sores on his arms and hands of the sort that poison ivy or poison oak can give. But these poisonings from the agua mala came quickly and struck like a whiplash.

The iridescent bubbles were beautiful. But they were the falsest thing in the sea and the old man loved to see the big sea turtles eating them. The turtles saw them, approached them from the front, then shut their eyes so they were completely carapaced and ate them filaments and all. The old man loved to see the turtles eat them and he loved to walk on them on the beach after a storm and hear them pop when he stepped on them with the horny soles of his feet.

He loved green turtles and hawk-bills (он любил зеленых и морских черепах; hawk-bill – бисса /морская черепаха/) with their elegance and speed and their great value (за их изящность, скорость и большую ценность; elegance – изящность, элегантность) and he had a friendly contempt for the huge, stupid loggerheads (и он испытывал дружеское сочувствие к огромным глупым грифовым черепахам; contempt – презрение), yellow in their armour-plating (желтые в своей пластинчитой броне; plating – покрытие из пластин), strange in their love-making (чудные в своих любовных играх), and happily eating the Portuguese men-of-war with their eyes shut (и счастливые, когда поедают португальских физалий с закрытыми глазами).

He had no mysticism about turtles (он не разделял суеверных верований: «мистицифировал» в черепах) although he had gone in turtle boats for many years (хотя он и ходил с охотниками за черепахами: «черепашьих лодках» много лет). He was sorry for them all (ему было их всех жалко), even the great trunk backs (даже больших кожистых черепах; trunkback – кожистая черепаха) that were as long as the skiff and weighed a ton (которые длинные как лодка и весят тонну). Most people are heartless about turtles (большинство людей бессердечны к черепахам) because a turtle's heart will beat for hours after he has been cut up and butchered (потому что черепашье сердце будет биться несколько часов после того, как черепаху разрежут на куски). But the old man thought, I have such a heart too and my feet and hands are like theirs (но у меня такое же сердце, а ноги и руки такие же как у них = похожи на их лапы). He ate the white eggs to give himself strength (он ел белые яйца, чтобы дать себе силы). He ate them all through May to be strong in September and October for the truly big fish (он ел их весь май, чтобы быть сильным в сентябре и октябре для действительно большой рыбы).

elegance [eligqns], loggerhead [lOgqhed], weigh [wei]

He loved green turtles and hawk-bills with their elegance and speed and their great value and he had a friendly contempt for the huge, stupid loggerheads, yellow in their armour-plating, strange in their love-making, and happily eating the Portuguese men-of-war with their eyes shut.

He had no mysticism about turtles although he had gone in turtle boats for many years. He was sorry for them all, even the great trunk backs that were as long as the skiff and weighed a ton. Most people are heartless about turtles because a turtle's heart will beat for hours after he has been cut up and butchered. But the old man thought, I have such a heart too and my feet and hands are like theirs. He ate the white eggs to give himself strength. He ate them all through May to be strong in September and October for the truly big fish.

He also drank a cup of shark liver oil each day (он также выпивал кружку жира из акульей печенки каждый день) from the big drum in the shack where many of the fishermen kept their gear (из большой бочки в сарае, где многие рыбаки хранили свои снасти). It was there for all fishermen who wanted it (жир был там для всех рыбаков, кто захочет). Most fishermen hated the taste (большинство рыбаков ненавидели вкус). But it was no worse than getting up at the hours that they rose (но это было не хуже, чем вставать в часы, в которые они вставали) and it was very good against all colds (и был очень хорош против простуд) and grippes (и гриппа) and it was good for the eyes (и был полезен для глаз).

Now the old man looked up and saw that the bird was circling again (сейчас старик посмотрел вверх и увидел, что птица снова кружится).

"He's found fish (он нашел рыбу)," he said aloud. No flying fish broke the surface (ни одна летучая рыба не нарушила гладь воды; break) and there was no scattering of bait fish (и не было видно мелкой рыбешки; scattering – рассеивание, рассыпание; небольшое количество). But as the old man watched, a small tuna rose in the air, turned and dropped head first into the water (но пока старик наблюдал, маленьких тунец выпрыгнул в воздух, перевернулся и упал головой вниз в воду). The tuna shone silver in the sun (тунец сверкнул серебром на солнце; shine) and after he had dropped back into the water (и после того, как он ушел назад в воду) another and another rose and they were jumping in all directions (другие стали подниматься и прыгали во всех направлениях), churning the water and leaping in long jumps after the bait (взбалтывая воду и прыгая длинными прыжками за мелкой рыбешкой; churn – взбалтывать, вспенивать; leap - прыгать). They were circling it and driving it (они кружили вокруг нее и гнали ее перед собой; drive – гнать, преследовать).

tuna [tjHnq], churn [CWn], leap [lJp]

He also drank a cup of shark liver oil each day from the big drum in the shack where many of the fishermen kept their gear. It was there for all fishermen who wanted it. Most fishermen hated the taste. But it was no worse than getting up at the hours that they rose and it was very good against all colds and grippes and it was good for the eyes.

Now the old man looked up and saw that the bird was circling again.

"He's found fish," he said aloud. No flying fish broke the surface and there was no scattering of bait fish. But as the old man watched, a small tuna rose in the air, turned and dropped head first into the water. The tuna shone silver in the sun and after he had dropped back into the water another and another rose and they were jumping in all directions, churning the water and leaping in long jumps after the bait. They were circling it and driving it.

If they don't travel too fast I will get into them (если они не поплывут слишком быстро, я догоню их; get into – достичь, нагнать), the old man thought, and he watched the school working the water white (и он наблюдал, как стая взбивает: «делает» воду до белизны) and the bird now dropping and dipping into the bait fish that were forced to the surface in their panic (и как птица, пикируя и ныряя, охотится на мелкую рыбешку, которая была вынуждена подняться на поверхность в панике; force – заставлять, принуждать, вынуждать).

"The bird is a great help (птица сильно помогает)," the old man said. Just then the stern line came taut under his foot (в этот момент кормовая леска натянулась под его ногой; taut – туго натянутый, упругий), where he had kept a loop of the line (где он придерживал ее виток), and he dropped his oars (и он бросил весла) and felt tile weight of the small tuna's shivering pull (чувствовал вес маленького тунца, который судорожно дергал крючок) as he held the line firm and commenced to haul it in (в то время, как он крепко держал леску и начинал вытягивать ее в лодку; firm – крепко, твердо; commence - начинать). The shivering increased as he pulled in (дрожание усиливалось, пока он тянул) and he could see the blue back of the fish in the water and the gold of his sides (и он увидел голубую спинку рыбы в воде и золотистые бока) before he swung him over the side and into the boat (перед тем как он перекинул ее через борт в лодку). He lay in the stern in the sun (он лежал у кормы на солнце), compact and bullet shaped (сжатый, в форме пули), his big, unintelligent eyes staring as he thumped his life out against the planking of the boat with the quick shivering strokes of his neat, fast-moving tail (его большие бессмысленные глаза выпучились, пока он выбивал из себя жизнь о доски лодки быстрыми дрожащими ударами своего аккуратного подвижного хвоста; thump – наносить тяжелый удар, стучать). The old man hit him on the head for kindness (старик ударил его по голове из жалости: «доброты») and kicked him (и запнул его), his body still shuddering (его тельце все еще дрожит), under the shade of the stern (в тень кормы).

taut [tLt], haul [hLl], compact [kqm’pxkt]

If they don't travel too fast I will get into them, the old man thought, and he watched the school working the water white and the bird now dropping and dipping into the bait fish that were forced to the surface in their panic.

"The bird is a great help," the old man said. Just then the stern line came taut under his foot, where he had kept a loop of the line, and he dropped his oars and felt tile weight of the small tuna's shivering pull as he held the line firm and commenced to haul it in. The shivering increased as he pulled in and he could see the blue back of the fish in the water and the gold of his sides before he swung him over the side and into the boat. He lay in the stern in the sun, compact and bullet shaped, his big, unintelligent eyes staring as he thumped his life out against the planking of the boat with the quick shivering strokes of his neat, fast-moving tail. The old man hit him on the head for kindness and kicked him, his body still shuddering, under the shade of the stern.

"Albacore," be said aloud. "He'll make a beautiful bait (из него выйдет отличная наживка). He'll weigh ten pounds (он весит десять фунтов)."

He did not remember when he had first started to talk aloud when he was by himself (он уже и не помнил, когда в первых раз начал разговаривать сам с собой вслух: «когда был один»). He had sung when he was by himself in the old days (раньше он пел, когда оставался один; sing) and he had sung at night sometimes when he was alone steering on his watch in the smacks (и он иногда пел ночью, когда был один на вахте на рыболовной лодке; steer – вести /судно/; smack - рыболовное судно, имеющее ёмкость для содержания живой рыбы) or in the turtle boats (или на черепашьих лодках). He had probably started to talk aloud, when alone, when the boy had left (он, возможно, стал разговаривать вслух, когда один, когда ушел мальчик; leave). But he did not remember (но он не помнил). When he and the boy fished together they usually spoke only when it was necessary (когда они и мальчик рыбачили вместе, они обычно разговаривали только тогда, когда это было нужно). They talked at night (они разговаривали по ночам) or when they were storm-bound by bad weather (или были задержаны штормовой плохой погодой; stormbound – задержанный штормом; bound – ограничивать, сдерживать). It was considered a virtue not to talk unnecessarily at sea (считалось добродетелью не разговаривать без причины в море) and the old man had always considered it so (и старик всегда так считал) and respected it (и уважал это). But now he said his thoughts aloud many times (но сейчас он озвучивал свои мысли очень часто) since there was no one that they could annoy (потому что не было никого, кого бы они могли раздражать; annoy – раздражать, сердить).

"If the others heard me talking out loud they would think that I am crazy (если другие услышать, как я разговариваю вслух, они подумают, что я сумасшедший)," he said aloud. "But since I am not crazy, I do not care (но так как я не сумасшедший, мне все равно). And the rich have radios to talk to them in their boats and to bring them the baseball (а у богатых есть радио, которое разговаривает с ними в их лодках и рассказывает новости про бейсбол: «приносит бейсбол»)."

steer [stiq], bound [baund], virtue [vWCH]

"Albacore," be said aloud. "He'll make a beautiful bait. He'll weigh ten pounds."

He did not remember when he had first started to talk aloud when he was by himself. He had sung when he was by himself in the old days and he had sung at night sometimes when he was alone steering on his watch in the smacks or in the turtle boats. He had probably started to talk aloud, when alone, when the boy had left. But he did not remember. When he and the boy fished together they usually spoke only when it was necessary. They talked at night or when they were storm-bound by bad weather. It was considered a virtue not to talk unnecessarily at sea and the old man had always considered it so and respected it. But now he said his thoughts aloud many times since there was no one that they could annoy.

"If the others heard me talking out loud they would think that I am crazy," he said aloud. "But since I am not crazy, I do not care. And the rich have radios to talk to them in their boats and to bring them the baseball."

Now is no time to think of baseball (не время сейчас думать о бейсболе), he thought. Now is the time to think of only one thing (сейчас время думать только об одном). That which I was born for (о том, для чего я родился). There might be a big one around that school (там может быть большая рыбы среди той стаи), he thought. I picked up only a straggler from the albacore that were feeding (я поймал только отставшего от альбакоров, которые кормились; straggler – отставший). But they are working far out and fast (но они охотятся: «работают» далеко /от берега/ и быстро). Everything that shows on the surface today travels very fast and to the north-east (все, что сегодня показывается на поверхности плавает: «путешествует» очень быстро и на северо-восток). Can that be the time of day (может так бывает из-за времени дня)? Or is it some sign of weather that I do not know (или это какой-то знак/примета природы, о котором я не знаю)?

He could not see the green of the shore now (он не видел зелени берега сейчас) but only the tops of the blue hills (но только верхушки голубых холмов) that showed white as though they were snow-capped (которые казались белыми, как будто были покрыты снегом; capped – покрытый) and the clouds that looked like high snow mountains above them (и облака, которые были похожи на высокие снежные горы над ними). The sea was very dark and the light made prisms in the water (море было очень темным, и свет преломлялся в воде). The myriad flecks of the plankton were annulled now by the high sun (несметное число искр планктона были погашены высоким солнцем; fleck – частица, пятно, крапинка; annul – аннулировать, отменять; уничтожать) and it was only the great deep prisms in the blue water that the old man saw now (и старик сейчас видел только пятна от преломления света в голубой воде) with his lines going straight down into the water that was a mile deep (и лески, уходящие прямо вниз в воду глубиной в милю).

straggler [strxglq], myriad [miried], annul [q’nAl]

Now is no time to think of baseball, he thought. Now is the time to think of only one thing. That which I was born for. There might be a big one around that school, he thought. I picked up only a straggler from the albacore that were feeding. But they are working far Out and fast. Everything that shows on the surface today travels very fast and to the north-east. Can that be the time of day? Or is it some sign of weather that I do not know?

He could not see the green of the shore now but only the tops of the blue hills that showed white as though they were snow-capped and the clouds that looked like high snow mountains above them. The sea was very dark and the light made prisms in the water. The myriad flecks of the plankton were annulled now by the high sun and it was only the great deep prisms in the blue water that the old man saw now with his lines going straight down into the water that was a mile deep.

The tuna, the fishermen called all the fish of that species tuna (тунец, рыбаки называли всех рыб этого вида тунцами) and only distinguished among them by their proper names when they came to sell them (и различали их по именам, когда продавали их; distinguish – различить, распознавать) or to trade them for baits (или чтобы обменять их на наживку), were down again (были снова внизу = ушли в глубину). The sun was hot now and the old man felt it on the back of his neck (солнце припекало: «было горячим», старик чувствовал его своим затылком) and felt the sweat trickle down his back as he rowed (и чувствовал, как пот тек тонкой струйкой по его спине, пока он греб; trickle – течь тонкой струйкой, сочиться).

I could just drift (я мог бы просто плыть по течению), he thought, and sleep and put a bight of line around my toe to wake me (и спать и обвязать вокруг моего большого пальца ноги шлаг лески, чтобы она меня разбудила; bight – шлаг /троса/). But today is eighty-five days and I should fish the day well (но сегодня восемьдесят пятый день, и мне следует рыбачить весь день хорошо).

Just then, watching his lines, he saw one of the projecting green sticks dip sharply (именно тогда, следя за лесками, он увидел, что одна из выступающих зеленых палок резко окунулась в воду).

species [spJSJz], distinguish [dis’tiNgwiS], toe [tqu]

The tuna, the fishermen called all the fish of that species tuna and only distinguished among them by their proper names when they came to sell them or to trade them for baits, were down again. The sun was hot now and the old man felt it on the back of his neck and felt the sweat trickle down his back as he rowed.

I could just drift, he thought, and sleep and put a bight of line around my toe to wake me. But today is eighty-five days and I should fish the day well.

Just then, watching his lines, he saw one of the projecting green sticks dip sharply.

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