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Английский - Полный аудиокурс. От фонетики до живой речи

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Автор
Andrey

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Английский - Полный аудиокурс. От фонетики до живой речи 2008.79.3


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Английский - От фонетики до живой речи. 1000 слов
Аудио 3 : http://mltr.ifolder.ru/5384865
Dialog 70.  No time left! Диалог 70.  Времени не осталось!
DOCTOR : "I'm afraid I have some bad news. You're dying and you don't have much time."
MAN : "Oh no, that's terrible. How long have I got?"
DOCTOR : "10..." 
MAN : "10? 10 what? Months? Weeks? What?!"
DOCTOR : "10...9...8...7..." 		Доктор : "Боюсь, я меня плохие новости. Вы умираете, и у вас не осталось много времени."
Мужик : "Ох, как это ужасно. Сколько мне осталось?"
 Доктор : "10..."
Мужик : "10? 10 чего? Месяцев, недель, чего?
 Доктор :  "10...9...8...7..."
   
What were you doing when the man came in?
I was reading the book.
I was reading the book when the man came in.		 Что ты делал, когда мужчина вошёл ("входил")?
Я читал книгу.
Я читал книгу, когда мужчина вошёл.
What was the doctor doing when the telephone rang?
He was washing his hands.
He was washing his hands when the telephone rang.		 Что делал доктор, когда телефон зазвонил ("звонил")?
Он мыл руки.
Он мыл руки, когда телефон зазвонил.
   
GENIE : "I will grant you three wishes, but your ex-wife will get double."
MAN : "I wish I had a mansion."

The genie granted it, and his ex-wife got two mansions.

MAN : "I would like a million dollars."

The genie again granted it and his ex-wife got two million dollars.

MAN : "Now, scare me half to death."

 Джинн : "Я выполню три твои желания, но твоя бывшая жена получит вдвойне."
Мужик : "Хотел бы я особняк."

Джинн выполнил, и бывшая жена получила два особняка.

Мужик : "Хотел бы миллион долларов."

Джинн опять выполнил, и бывшая жена получила два миллиона.

Мужик : "Сейчас, напугай меня до полусмерти."
   
What was your father doing when he heard the news?
He was working in the garden.
He was working in the garden when he heard the news.		 Что твой отец делал, когда он услышал ("слышал") новости?
Он работал в саду.
Он работал в саду, когда услыхал новости.

 

Grammar 30

Verb

Повелительное наклонение - Imperative Mood - приказы, просьбы и побуждения.

В предложении, выражающем побуждение, глагол let соответствует русской частице пусть. Форма 1-го лица множественного числа при выражении побуждения может переводиться на русский давайте, давайте-ка.
 

Ask! Спрашивайте! Спроси!
Ask him! Спросите его! Спроси его!
Don't ask him! He спрашивайте его.
Let him ask. Пусть он спрашивает. Позвольте ему спросить.
Please, ask him. Спросите его, пожалуйста.
Let us go! Давайте мы пойдем!
= Let's go! Идем!
Let us assume that... Допустим, что...
Предположим, ...
Let us face the reality. Посмотрим правде в глаза, будем реалистами.
Let us discuss that question now. Давайте-ка обсудим этот вопрос сейчас.

 

Модальные глаголы - Modal Verbs

can, could, may, might, must, will, would, should, ought to

Глаголы "вида, режима, способа" действия (выражают возможность, способность или необходимость ).

Эти глаголы неизменяемы. Эти глаголы не имеют окончания -s в 3-м лице единственного числа настоящего времени. После модальных глаголов инфинитив стоит без частицы to, исключение - ought to.


can - мочь, быть в состоянии
can - я могу, он может, они могут, и .т.д.

could - форма прошедшего времени - мог, был в состоянии
could - вежливая и сослагательная форма от can


He can speak English.
Он может говорить по английски.

She could do it easily.
Она могла (бы) сделать это легко.
 

При необходимости выразить будущее или иные сложные временные формы используется be able to.

I shall be able to tell you about it only tomorrow.
Я смогу вам об этом сказать только завтра.
 

may - форма настоящего времени - может, может быть, возможно

He may come now.
Он может прийти сейчас.

You may be right.
Ты может быть прав.
Ты можешь быть прав.


might - форма прошедшего времени - можно, разрешается
might - можно ли - супервежливые формы

You might at least thank me.
Ты мог бы хотя бы поблагодарить меня.

Might I speak to you for a moment?
Мог бы я поговорить с тобой минутку?


May I come in?
Можно я войду?


She might have done it easily.
Она могла бы сделать это с лёгкостью.
 

Чтобы выразить будущее или иные сложные временные формы употребляется be allowed to.

You will be allowed to smoke in that room.
Вы сможете курить в этой комнате.
Вам будет позволено, вы будете позволены.
 

must - должен, должно быть - выражает приказ, долг, обязанность
should - вежливая форма - должен бы

I must go there at once.
Я должен пойти туда немедленно.

You know I should go there.
Знаешь, мне следовало бы сходить туда.
 

Для выражения прошедшего и будущего времени употребляется глагол have в модальном значении.

I had to get up at seven.
Я должен был встать в семь.

She will have to go with me.
Она должна будет пойти со мной.
 

ought to - должен, следует, следовало бы

They ought to write letters to their parents.
Им следует написать письма своим родителям.

 

should - должен, должен бы - выражает необходимость совершения какого-то действия

He should have written this excercise.
Ему следовало бы написать это упражнение.
 

would - также как will - передает желание, вежливое обращение

We asked her several times but she would keep silence.
Мы спрашивали ее несколько раз, но она молчала.


to be to - "быть чтобы" , должен быть (чем-то) по расписанию, по плану, по договоренности

The house is to be built by the end of the year.
Дом должен быть построен к концу года.

Grammar Reference. Unit 6

6.1 What ... like?

What is / are / was /were ... like? is used to ask people about the permanent nature of people and things. It asks for a description or a impression or a comparison.

What's the health service like in you country?
What are the new students like?

Be careful:

1. With a description or an impression, we don't use like in the answer.

What's London like?
It's quite big, and it's very interesting.
NOT It's like quite big...

What's Amanda like?
She's tall, attractive, and very funny.
NOT She's like tall...

2. With a comparison, we can use like in the answer. Here, like means similar to / the same as.

What's London like?
It's like New York, but without the tall buildings. (= It's similar to...)

What's Amanda's daughter like?
She's just like Amanda. (She's the same as...)

 

6.2 How ... ?

1. How ... ? is used to ask about the present condition  or something that can change.

How's work these days?
It's better than last years.

How was the traffic this morning?
It was worse than usual.

To ask about the weather, we can use both questions.

How's the weather where you are?
What's the weather like where you are?

2. How ... ? is also used to ask about people's health and happiness.

Compare:

How's Peter? He's fine.
What's Peter like? He's a nice guy. He's quite tall, has dark hair...

3. How ... ? is used to ask about people's reactions and feelings.

How's your meal?
How's your new job?

6.3 How ... ? or What ... like?

Sometimes we can use What ... like? or How ... ?, but they aren't the same. What ... like? asks for an object description. How ... ? asks for personal feelings. Compare:

How's the party? It's great!
What's the party like? It's very noisy, but there's lots to eat and drink.

6.4 Verb + -ing or infinitive

Verb Patterns - ing or infinitive. Learners often make mistakes when using the infinitive and the -ing form.

The -ing form is used after prepositions.
He put off doing his assignment

The infinitive is used to show purpose ( why you are doing something).
She phoned to check everything was alright.

However, the most problematic areas is that certain verbs are followed by particular verb patterns. Here are some examples.

Verb usually followed by infinitive: He promised to do the washing up.
Verb usually followed by infinitive without 'to': He made me leave the party early because he was jealous.
Verbs followed by an object and 'to': He persuaded me to go to the party.
Verb usually followed by -ing: He put off doing the washing up.
Verb which can be followed by both with out changing the meaning: He started to do the washing up. He started doing the washing up.
Verb which can be followed by both but changes the meaning: He remembered getting up but after that he couldn't remember anything. He remembered to get up early because he had a job interview.

 

6.5 Relative clauses

1. Relative clauses are used to tell us which person or thing we are talking about. They make it possible to give more information about the person or thing being spoken about.

The boy has gone to the beach. (Which boy?)
The boy who lives next door has gone to the beach.

The book is very good (Which book?)
The book that I bought yesterday is very good.

This is a photo of the hotel. (Which hotel?)
This is a photo of the hotel where we stayed.

2. We use who to refer to people (and we can use that).

The book is about a girl who marries a vampire.

We use that to refer to things (and we can also use which).

What was the name of the horse that won the race?

3. When who or that is the object of a relative clause, it can be left out.

The person you need to talk to is on a holiday.
The book I bought yesterday is very good.

But when who or that is the subject of a relative clause, it must be included.

I like people who are kind and considerate.
I want a computer that is easy to use.

4. Which can be used to refer to the whole previous sentence or idea.

I passed my driving test on my first attempt, which surprised everyone.
Jane can't come to the party, which is a shame.

5. We use whose to refer to someone's possessions.

That's the woman whose dog ran away.
That's the man whose wife won the lottery.

6. We can use where to refer to places.

The hotel where we stayed was right on the beach.
We went back to the place where we first met.

6.6 Participles

Participles after a noun define and identify in the same way as relative clauses.

That woman driving the red Porsche is my aunt.
The men seen outside were probably the thieves.

 

Grammar Reference. Unit 7

7.0 Introduction to the Present Perfect

The same form (have + past participle) exists in many European languages, but the uses in English are different. In English, the Present Perfect is essentially a present tense, but it also expresses the effect of past actions and activities on the present.

PAST - PRESENT PERFECT - PRESENT

Present Perfect means "before now". The Present Perfect does not express when an action happened. If we say the exact time, we have to use Past Simple.

I my life, I have travelled to all seven continents.
I travelled around Africa in 1999.

7.1 The Present Perfect

Positive and negative form

I've lived in Rome.
You haven't lived in London.
He's worked in Berlin.
She hasn't worked in Paris.
We have played tennis.

Question

How long have I known Peter?
How long has he been staying?
Who long have they known Mary?

Short answer

Have you always lived in Moscow?
Yes, I have.
No, I haven't.

Use

The Present Perfect expresses:

1. An action that began in the past and still continues (unfinished past).

We've lived in the same house for 25 years.
Peter's worked as a teacher since 1999.
How long have you known each other?
They've been married for 20 years.

Note: Many languages express this idea with a present tense, but in English this is wrong.

Peter has been a teacher for ten years.
NOT Peter is a teacher for ten years.

These time expressions are common with this use.

For two years since 1999.
For a month since the end of the class.
For a few minutes since 10 o'clock.
For a half an hour since 5 o'clock.
 

We use for with a period of time and since with a point in time.

2. An experience that happened at some time in one's life. The action is in the past and finished, but the effects of the action are still felt. When the action happened is not important.

I've been to the United States (I still remember.)
She's written poetry and children's stories. (In her writing career.)
Have you ever had an operation? (At any time in your life up to now.)
How many times has he been married? (In his life.)

The adverbs ever, never, before are common with this use.

Have you ever been to Australia?
I've never tried bungee jumping.
I haven't tried sushi before.

Questions and answers about definite times are expressed in the Past Simple.

When did you go to the USA?
Was her poetry published while she was alive?
I broke my leg once, but I didn't have to stay in the hospital.
He met his second wife in dry cleaner's.

3. A past action that has a present result. The action is usually in the recent past.

The taxi hasn't arrived yet. (We're still waiting for it.)
What have you done to your lip? (It's bleeding.)

We often announce news in the Present Perfect because the speaker is emphasizing the event as a present fact.

Have you heard? The Prime Minister has resigned.
Susan's had her baby!
I've ruined the meal.

Details about definite time will be in the Past Simple.

She resigned because she lost a vote of no confidence.
She had a baby boy this morning. It was a difficult birth.
I didn't watch it carefully enough.

The adverbs yet, already, just are common with this use.

I haven't done my homework yet. (Negative)
Has the postman been yet? (Question)
I've already done my homework.
She's just had some good news.

Be careful with been and gone.

He's been to the United States. (experience - he isn't there now)
She's gone to the United States. (present result - she's there now)

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