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Английский - Полный аудиокурс. От фонетики до живой речи 2008.77.1
Времена Английских глаголов Passive Voice - comments С точки зрения официальной грамматики "пассивные" конструкции образуются по единообразной схеме to be + past participleНапример: но в реальном мире не всё так просто. Дело в том, что сами глаголы (а глагол обязательно должен быть в английском предложении) и действующее лицо могу изменять воспринимаемое направление действия. Это наподобие вопроса жизни и смерти для изучающих Русский - "мама мыла раму" или "раму мыла мама"? , и это не смешно - "почему" смотрите ниже. И здесь необходимо выделить две основные конструкции, неотличимые с точки зрения грамматики, но радикально различные с точки зрения здравого смысла. Это производные от I am - я есть, я являюсь
- глагол состояния I ask - я спрашиваю 2) От третьего лица пассивность выглядит так A man builds a house. - Человек строит дом. Таблица активности/пассивности с точки зрения третьего лица.
Someone stole my car. - Кто-то украл мою машину. My car has been stolen. - моя машина имеет бывшая
украденная 4) "Кто учит кого чему" Запомните эту последовательность - это "правильная" последовательность с точки зрения создателей Английской грамматики, кто бы они ни были. Эта последовательность не требует предлогов. The professor explained the students the topic. Сказать "профессор объяснил тему студентам" в Английском нельзя - такого способа нет. Непрямой объект обязательно требует предлога: The professor explained the topic. The professor explained the topic to the students.
Пассивная конструкция формируется аналогичным образом. The students were explained the topic by the professor. They were explained the exercise. The topic was explained. The topic was explained to the students by the
professor. It was explained to the students.
5) Impersonal passive Активная конструкция Если выбросить действующее лицо - people - получится безличная пассивная конструкция, косвенная речь по сути. It is said that some
children are afraid of darkness. It's well known fact that almost any application is
implemented iteratively. Children are said to be afraid of the Black Hand. Более подробно такие конструкции будут рассмотрены в Reported Speech. Самое главное - не грузитесь обилием "пассивных возможностей". Читайте самостоятельно и слушайте аудиокниги и новости. Поскольку обычно из контекста понятно, кто делает кому кого, запомнить применённые глаголы будет просто.
Grammar Reference. Unit 2.2.1
Present Simple
Use the Present Simple to express: 1. An action that happens again and again (a habit). I go to work by car. Ronaldo comes from Brazil. 3. A fact that is true for a long time (a state). He works in a bank.
Spelling of verb + s 1. Most verbs add -s to the base form of the verb. wants, eats, helps, drives 2. Add -es to verbs that end in -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -o.. kisses, washes, watches, fixes, goes 3. Verbs that end in a consonant + y change the -y to -ies. carry / carries, fly / flies, worry / worries, try / tries
1. We often use adverbs of frequency with the Present Simple. from 0 to 100% 2. They go before the main verb, but after the verb be.
3. Sometimes and usually can also go at the
beginning or the end,
Never, always, rarely, seldom cannot move in this way, NOT 4. Every day, every morning, etc., goes at the end. He phones me every day.
Lesson 031 value - ценность, стоимость, цена What can I do? I am of no more use or value than
that broken mirror." to value - ценить, оценивать, дорожить чем-то What right did she have to value her little life
over his desperate need for assistance? long vowel - долгий
гласный
Военные потрясения лишили Кеплера большей части его
финансовой поддержки. win, won, won, winning 'That also you shall never know,' he answered.
`You won her love. And if you do not stake your life, You will
never win life for yourself. It was built in a small wing of the building He retook the path of the subterranean passage
woodpecker - дятел It was a thick, solid wood paddle, and frankly,
in my opinion nothing like that should be used on a small boy. tell - говорить, сообщать strong - сильный, грубый, крепкий family - семья, семейство Terry Armstrong was a Christian, and he came
from a family who had a tendency to tell my mother how to raise me. telling - сообщаемый I got some press coverage for that race, and I
told a reporter, Я получил освещение в прессе за эту гонку, я и сказал репортёру, a name - имя Finally, I wrote him a letter telling him that
if I could, I would change my name.
might - сила, мощь, энергия We feel it our duty to oppose with all our
might such a development in the modern State. press forward - "давить вперёд",
проталкиваться, пробиваться, устремляться
might - прошедшее время от "may"
- выражает разрешение, пожелание, предположение Again the sword built a blurred wall through
which the invaders press forward as they might
tone - звук, тон in a tone of surprise - "тоном удивления", удивлённо "'Why, dear me, it is surely Hudson,' busy - занятый But Romo was too busy grieving. He had laid his
cheek on the cheek of the dying animal, still murmuring to it.
to take - брать, завоёвывать Take it (the statement) and read it to me. took - брал She took no liquid, as there was a water-tap in
the stables. For three months after taking over the practice
В течении трёх месяцев после принятия практики, I was kept very closely at work Sorry, this seat is taken. in one take - одним заходом, одним приёмом Мужик пытался взломать замок! instrument - инструмент, музыкальный инструмент "Could an instrument or one of the operators
have been mistaken?" Denver murmured. next door - рядом, по соседству - "следующая дверь" 'We won a substantial victory this afternoon,
Mr Mooney -' said Frederick. 'Don't you understand that? And it was your doing.' to add up, calculate a total - подводить итог
total - общий, тотальный They might not have known it, but that's what
they were: uniforms. Они могли не знать, но это то, чем они были - однообразие.
a touch - прикосновение, касание delicate touch - нежное, осторожное прикосновение "We'll need a fire ax to break through," said
Pitt. "Give the U.S. Navy credit for a touch of
finesse. to touch - касаться, прикасаться He knew he would never see or touch them again.
he would never see - "он никогда не увидит бы" I would lie in bed half-asleep, and lose track
of time. to track - отслеживать Oncologists use something called blood markers
to track the progress of the disease. "Monsieur, he carried on a trade which I have
always thought satisfactory." trade - торговля And he hated Trade Unions because they
interfered train of thoughts - ход мыслей, череда мыслей to train - тренировать, тренироваться a race -
гонка I like to train hard and I like to race hard.
race - раса, народ, нация human race - "человеческий народ", люди PAST FORMS YOU, WHETHER YOU LIKE IT or not. Прошлое формирует тебя, хочешь ли ты того или нет. triangle - треугольник acute triangle - остроугольный треугольник garbage truck - мусоровоз Great bonfires were lit, and a truck caravan
began handing out boxes of food to the grateful mass of people. inner tube - камера шины, "внутренняя трубка" The riverbank was packed with every kind of
small boat, wooden raft and truck inner tube. He dropped behind and soon attracted a group of
twenty barbarians. two - два Two hours later, he rolled up the scroll and
slid it into a sash at his waist. second In a way, the old me did die, and I was given a
second life. second - секунда Every Second Counts
among - среди, между, в группе, из числа Three men still lived among the carnage. to anger - злить, злиться, раздражать He did not want to embarrass and anger his
friends in Mexico City.
He brushed away a small area with his gloved
hand,
I grabbed her arm and turned around to leave.
"Come on, let's go." arm - оружие "Order the bugler to sound battle assembly. arms - герб
Moreover, he offered to arrange consultations
for me. Meanwhile, your arrangement was rather upset by
the fact that to fall in love - влюбиться Grammar Reference. Unit 2.2.2 Present
Continuous
Questions
Short answer Are you going by train? The Present Continuous is used to express: 1. An activity that is happening now. Don't turn the TV off. I'm watching it. 2. An activity or situation that is true now, but is not necessarily. Don't take that book. Jane's reading it. 3. A temporary activity. Peter is a student, but he's working as a waiter during
the holidays. 4. A planned future arrangement. I'm having lunch with Glenda tomorrow. Spelling of verb + -ing. 1. Most verbs add -ing to the base form of the verb. going, wearing, visiting, eating 2. Verbs that end in one -e lose the -e smoking, coming, hoping, writing 3. Verbs that end in -ee don't drop an -ee agreeing, seeing 4. Attention - Lie / lying 5. Verbs of one syllable, with one vowel and one consonant, double the consonant. stop / stopping, get / getting, run / running, plan / planning, jog / jogging If the final consonant is -y or -w, it is not doubled. play / playing , show / showing |
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